Still happening.
Both on my older Mac (on an older Mojave macOS, for a reason), along with my iPad Mini on the current 17.3.
I was using the "Exchange" option for my
outlook.com email address (to get full EAS [
Exchange ActiveSync] functionality*), but that option refuses to work at all now. So had to use the other option to get it to work, along with a new
app-specific password (create these in the web interface's settings, BTW)...
but the pop-up asking for password keeps appearing intermittently!
Strangely, my iPhone and newer Macs (on newer OS's) continue to work with the Exchange setup...weird??
Of course, do any of Microsoft's service status pages show any problems...of course not,
everything's running bloody tickety-boo according to them!
(*AFAIUI, EAS is an older tech anyway, and may supposed to be superseded by MFA (aka 2FA) authentication login instead?)