Have you by any chance run one of these "cleaner" apps on your machine. It looks like perhaps some of the icon cache files are missing?
I would just do a command-r boot and reinstall the OS over top of the existing install to fix it. This won't erase your data, but do a backup first just to be safe.
Just as a test, try creating a new temp admin account and login there and see if you get the same thing. That will tell you if it is something specific to your account like maybe a startup item or something causing a conflict.
I've got a Mavericks server that does the same thing, and com.apple.IconServices starts up and keeps running for many of the accounts on the server. No clue what's causing it as of now, but I'm none too pleased about it.
Just as a test, try creating a new temp admin account and login there and see if you get the same thing. That will tell you if it is something specific to your account like maybe a startup item or something causing a conflict.