afaik some adapters - like apple‘s - are limited to 30hz. you need a hdmi 2.0 compatible adapter, tv and cable. even then it‘s probably easier to do this via displayport (and adapter, if necessary).
@ refresh rate - there should be no difference in sharpness between 60hz and 30hz, but if your tv interprets the refresh rate (in combination with the resolution) wrong, or one point (cable, tv) is not compatible this could result in a blurry picture.
rec 709 is the color space for hd - if you want 4k hdr, you need to set something different (eg. bt2020). but most youtube videos are in 4:2:0, 8 bit chroma-sampling anyway, rec709 should work fine, i guess.
those blocks are compression artifacts - remember that youtube compression reduces the original file by a factor of - i don‘t know 100? - in comparison to an uncompressed 444 stream - so something‘s got to give. remember, one already heavily compressed blu-ray 4k movie has about 66-100gb, whereas a youtube video of the same length has about 6-10 gb.