It's read-only because the disk format is NTFS. You can see this in the Format item under the General heading: "Windows NT File System (NTFS)"
OS X can read NTFS by default, but not write it.
"What changed" is that you had an extension that provided read/write capability, and that extension doesn't work in Yosemite, or it was removed by your fresh install.
There are several different products that provide this capability. We can only guess which one you used.