The outside or case temperature is not at issue (and wouldn't affect the fan anyway)
Also, not asking about what you are doing at the time.
I just question if your Mac (without any input from you) is doing anything to make the fans kick up.
The Activity Monitor will tell you part of that.
The other is a temp sensor utility that shows you both fan speed, and temps reported by the various sensors.
Is there a spike in the temps reported at the same time that the fans kick up?
Or, nothing significant?
When the fans do kick up, do they only slightly speed up (say to 2500 rpm), or full speed (most would be 5 to 6000 rpm, more or less)
i mean I'm always web browsing, so I'm never not doing ANYTHING and just staring at a desktop idly for hours waiting for it to happen, but always doing casual tasks and flash free too,
In regards to your last question, slightly speed up
it honestly at this point sounds EXACTLY like this video, when this guy opens his laptop
just a faint vroom, it did it just a bit ago too a few rotations and then went away,
it used to be a much louder and longer drawn out "vroooom" cycle, but that was before bringing to genius bar, diagnostics pass with flying colors included sensors and all, fan specific stuff he said, and pulled the battery and re-inserted it
i think its time for a new fan/logic board, eventually.
about to go out of state for thanksgiving so ill deal with it later this month/next,
so odd, and the times its kept going, powering down holding power button and booting up again, temporarily resolves it. the only culprit would be iStat menus, but uninstalled, rebooted, and it still does the vroom at a random time,
I only have photoshop and spotify, and Skype and chrome. and office,
but in all instances, none of those apps have been open or for the most part, i haven't noticed with those apps also not open ,its largely JUST stock apps open, clean El Cap partition and install,
And clean Sierra, with a few apps but not running, does it too.
ugh, something definitely needs to be done here. this is a pita.