Yes, that is the same drive that's been plugged in 5 times...
Yep. Dock went weird
And here, we have my real problem. I have no desktop. And, before you ask, I have not been playing around with Finder (except changing it's icon, which was done with Shapeshifter anyway)
Regarding your missing desktop. Are you referring to missing icons on the desktop? If so, go to the finder menu and click preferences.
Make sure the hard disks selection is checked.
^Tried and failed. It's not just no icons, I have no desktop. At all. I have stuff in my desktop folder, yet nothing appears. I tick and untick all the buttons, but to no avail