That's Radeongate. Get a logic board replacement.
Google Chrome always uses the dGPU and the dGPUs in 2011 rMBPs are faulty/defective, and yours is breaking. It will get worse and worse until you can't see anything. I suggest you use gfxcardstatus to force OS X to use only the iGPU (Theres a bug so you have to select Integrated twice for it to work), until you get it replaced. But the replacement boards are the same and are also defective faulty, they have not been updated or fixed, so you'd be in this endless loop of replacing, unless apple gives you a brand new macbook pro for free.