That's great for them, and well deserved, but in the article it states:Olympic athletes are not only paid for winning medals, they are also exempt from the income taxes which ordinary Americans pay.
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Here's how much winning a gold medal is worth
For winners at the Winter Olympic, victory means gold — plus tax-exempt money and potential endorsement deals.www.businessinsider.com
(1) That it's a discretionary payment from the US Olympic Committee. Not all countries will do this (I expect) and the amounts will no doubt vary.
(2) "Athletes do not get paid just for competing"
(3) Presumably if you do not win a medal you do not get paid by anyone.
My point (as shown in the earlier link I posted on how athletes are funded) is that a lot of olympic athletes, probably the majority, have regular jobs or occupations, albeit that allow them enough free time to train. Of course many will seek additional funding through sponsorships, endorsements or other donations, and a good number will receive some funding from their governments or the relevant sporting association in their country.
We could argue whether receiving a grant of some sort makes you a professional or not, but it looks like the majority are not receiving a salary from a professional team in the way that soccer, baseball, football players with professional contracts have.
I just heard an interview with a typical athlete who is the only Jamaican competing in the Winter Olympics. He said he was funded from his own personal savings, loans from friends and family, and some from the bank. He made no mention of getting any other funding for training & travel costs. Of course he may well get some sponsorship or endorsement deals if he performs well, which could well move him into the "professional" category.
And yes, to your earlier point, it would not greatly surprise me if some Olympic athletes were living in relative poverty or working in McDonalds. Did you ever see the film about the British ski-jumper "Eddie the Eagle"? He lived in a camper van and did odd jobs just so he could afford to live near European training slopes.