The magnetic particles provide a readable response to the reading head of the HD.
If the number of heads showing is 60 or more, then the bit is considered "1". Where as if the number of heads showing 59 or less, then the bit is considered a "0".
So Between 55 to 65, you might need to count twice to make sure. Between 58 and 61, you may need to count three times to make sure.
When a HD needs to do this, it slows down data reading (or verifying after writing).
So if I could exercise, if you will, the magnetic particles within the bit, so that if I wanted a "1" there would be say 90-100 heads or if I wanted a "0" then 0-10 heads. This would make counting much easier.
This is what SpinRite attempts to do in exercising the magnetic particles within each bit. SpinRite has a cool display showing this process in action, and you can see the improvement on screen.