Solved
Summary:
1. Tried playing with Ubuntu, installing it on an external USB drive. Didn't boot.
2. Tried booting back to OS X installed on the internal drive, didn't boot either.
- Internal drive didn't show on the boot selection menu (pressing the 'option' key while booting).
- Showed fine on the Startup Disk preference pane. If selected, it wouldn't boot (meaning that "re-blessing" it didn't work).
- Booting from a fresh OS X installed on another external drive, the internal HDD mounted perfectly, all files readable.
3. Cloned the internal drive to an external one using Disk Utility's "Restore" function.
- Booted and worked perfectly, all files there.
First I tried a backward restore, that is, from the external drive with the working OS, back into the internal drive, using the "Erase Destination" option.
- I assumed that by erasing the destination volume, whatever issue I had would be solved.
- This didn't work, the computer wouldn't boot using the internal drive.
The only step left was to repartition de drive, in other words, erase the partition map and create a new one.
So I figured, just before doing that, I would resize the partition. That -should- rewrite the partition map with fresh data.
- Using Disk Utility, I selected the internal drive and reduced the partition size (any size will do). No problems here.
- Then I resized it back to it's maximum size. No problems either, Disk Utility didn't complain.
This worked, now the computer boots from the internal drive again.
Final Notes:
- All this was done with Snow Leopard's Disk Utility that supports partition resizing without data loss.
- Bootcamp assistant can resize partitions, however it wouldn't work since it requires you to boot from the internal drive.
- You can resize partitions nondestructively using the CLI from 10.4.6 onwards using the
diskutil resizeVolume command.
- Leopard's Disk Utility GUI allows resizing,
however the drive's partition scheme can't be MBR.
Hope it helps. Cheers !