Recently my MBP died, i do two majors, Pure mathematics, and theoretical Physics, so i need a computer ASAP. I came down to two options, iMac 27" + 11" Air. Or dell XPS 15 beefed up and money for food, alcohol, etc during semester.
This is what i thought when i read your problem
1) a Dell XPS 15, with a 1080p screen? You can easily fit to text documents side by side on that resolution.
2) Get a big monitor. with the cash you save.
3)It has a 2gb Nvidia with optimus, that's exactly the same the MBP has, but with a more powerful GPU.
4)It's rated for about 5 hours on the integrated CPU. wich ain't that bad.
5)Not exactly, My mbp got dented and scratched easily. The are well built but they are nowhere near a thickpad.

6) For your needs, you'll be better on windows. Since you'll be programming FOR windows mate. (that's at least my gut feeling).
7) There is no 7.
MBPs Are beautiful. But i sometimes they aren't the best choice. I ended up on a 27" iMac + MBA. Real state plus portability. Win/Win.