I have not changed anything other than installing 11.3 2020 iMac 27". This week, every time with no exception, when I click on shut down it looks like it is shut down, the screen is black, and then it gives a warning screen and restarts. I thought the first time maybe I hit restart by accident or something. But clearly, about 7 times or so now, when I shut down it ends up restarting. sometimes ill hear the fan make a fast ramp-up for maybe a half-second while the screen is black. I've typed the same thing and submitted every time the submit report to apple dialog pops up.
Any ideas? Thanks.
panic(cpu 0 caller 0xffffff80106a2233): "PowerOff timed out in phase 'Notifying power plane drivers'. Total 30000 ms:
vfs_unmountall: 496 ms
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 807 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily(2.1)[58EA4506-4E6B-3AC3-A70D-ED35EE2C381D]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 1085 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily(2.1)[58EA4506-4E6B-3AC3-A70D-ED35EE2C381D]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 779 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(585.1)[CC341A35-707F-3C8B-8EFD-925F742166A1]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 467 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.IOBluetoothHIDDriver(8.0.4d18)[C7A98902-D4B2-31CF-85D9-9CD22092A615]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 403 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.IOBluetoothHIDDriver(8.0.4d18)[C7A98902-D4B2-31CF-85D9-9CD22092A615]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 617 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.IOBluetoothHIDDriver(8.0.4d18)[C7A98902-D4B2-31CF-85D9-9CD22092A615]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart handler completed: 659 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily(1.2)[5190CA74-773E-3915-B4AA-8FDB4D1ED52B]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart handler completed: 1116 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.AppleBCMWLANCoreMac(1.0)[C3558686-DD81-3A4C-9E3D-7A960866606A]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart still waiting on handler: 3222 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily(1.2)[5190CA74-773E-3915-B4AA-8FDB4D1ED52B]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
"@/System/Volumes/Data/SWE/macOS/BuildRoots/2288acc43c/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/xnu/xnu-7195.101.1/iokit/Kernel/IOPMrootDomain.cpp:5814
Backtrace (CPU 0), Frame : Return Address
0xffffffc12851bb30 : 0xffffff800fe8e02d
0xffffffc12851bb80 : 0xffffff800ffd48e3
0xffffffc12851bbc0 : 0xffffff800ffc4eda
0xffffffc12851bc10 : 0xffffff800fe32a2f
0xffffffc12851bc30 : 0xffffff800fe8d84d
0xffffffc12851bd50 : 0xffffff800fe8db43
0xffffffc12851bdc0 : 0xffffff801069d68a
0xffffffc12851be30 : 0xffffff80106a2233
0xffffffc12851be50 : 0xffffff801060f4c9
0xffffffc12851be80 : 0xffffff800fed44b5
0xffffffc12851bef0 : 0xffffff800fed5424
0xffffffc12851bfa0 : 0xffffff800fe3213e
Process name corresponding to current thread: kernel_task
Boot args: chunklist-security-epoch=0 -chunklist-no-rev2-dev
Mac OS version:
20E232
Kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 20.4.0: Fri Mar 5 01:14:14 PST 2021; root:xnu-7195.101.1~3/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel UUID: BB2FFEBA-7D53-301F-A238-9867CA51276F
KernelCache slide: 0x000000000fc00000
KernelCache base: 0xffffff800fe00000
Kernel slide: 0x000000000fc10000
Kernel text base: 0xffffff800fe10000
__HIB text base: 0xffffff800fd00000
System model name: iMac20,1 (Mac-CFF7D910A743CAAF)
System shutdown begun: YES
Hibernation exit count: 0
System uptime in nanoseconds: 294817477643
Last Sleep: absolute base_tsc base_nano
Uptime : 0x00000044a47dbb63
Sleep : 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
Wake : 0x0000000000000000 0x0000001a1d4f2ad2 0x0000000000000000
last started kext at 23388983294: >!AActuatorDriver 4440.3 (addr 0xffffff8010fd1000, size 28672)
loaded kexts:
@nke.webcontentfilter 5
>!ATopCaseHIDEventDriver 4040.11
>!AHIDALSService 1
>AGPM 122
>!APlatformEnabler 2.7.0d0
>X86PlatformShim 1.0.0
@filesystems.autofs 3.0
>!AUpstreamUserClient 3.6.8
@kext.AMDRadeonX6000 4.0.4
@fileutil 20.036.15
@kext.AMDRadeonServiceManager 4.0.4
>!AGraphicsDevicePolicy 6.2.9
@AGDCPluginDisplayMetrics 6.2.9
>pmtelemetry 1
|IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
>usb.!UUserHCI 1
|IO!BSerialManager 8.0.4d18
@Dont_Steal_Mac_OS_X 7.0.0
>!AHV 1
>!ADiskImages2 1
>!A!IKBLGraphics 16.0.2
>!A!ISlowAdaptiveClocking 4.0.0
>!AThunderboltIP 4.0.3
>!ABridgeAudio!C 140.4
>!A!ICFLGraphicsFramebuffer 16.0.2
>!AFIVRDriver 4.1.0
>!AMuxControl2 6.2.9
>BridgeAudioCommunication 140.4
>AGDCBacklightControl 6.2.9
>!AAVEBridge 6.1
>ACPI_SMC_PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
>!A!IPCHPMC 2.0.1
>!AGFXHDA 100.1.433
>!ABacklight 180.3
>!AMCCSControl 1.14
>Core!SFsck 554
|SCSITaskUserClient 436.100.4
>!UCardReader 511.101.1
>!UODD 511.101.1
>BCMWLANFirmware4378.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4377.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4364.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4355.Hashstore 1
>!AFileSystemDriver 3.0.1
@filesystems.tmpfs 1
@filesystems.hfs.kext 556.100.11
@BootCache 40
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
|!ABCM5701Ethernet 11.0.0
>!ABCMWLANBusInterfacePCIeMac 1
@filesystems.apfs 1677.100.114
@private.KextAudit 1.0
>!AACPIButtons 6.1
>!ASMBIOS 2.1
>!AACPIEC 6.1
>!AAPIC 1.7
@!ASystemPolicy 2.0.0
@nke.applicationfirewall 311
|IOKitRegistryCompatibility 1
|EndpointSecurity 1
>!AActuatorDriver 4440.3
>!AHIDKeyboard 224
>!AMultitouchDriver 4440.3
>!AInputDeviceSupport 4400.35
>!AHS!BDriver 4040.11
>IO!BHIDDriver 8.0.4d18
@kext.triggers 1.0
@kext.AMDRadeonX6200HWLibs 1.0
@kext.AMDRadeonX6000HWServices 4.0.4
|IOAVB!F 940.4
|IOEthernetAVB!C 1.1.0
@!AGPUWrangler 6.2.9
|IOSlowAdaptiveClocking!F 1.0.0
>!AThunderboltEDMSink 5.0.3
>!AThunderboltDPOutAdapter 8.1.4
|IOAccelerator!F2 442.9
@kext.AMDRadeonX6000Framebuffer 4.0.4
@kext.AMDSupport 4.0.4
@plugin.IOgPTPPlugin 980.4
>!AGraphicsControl 6.2.9
>!ASMBusPCI 1.0.14d1
|IO!BHost!CUARTTransport 8.0.4d18
|IO!BHost!CTransport 8.0.4d18
@!AGraphicsDeviceControl 6.2.9
>usb.IOUSBHostHIDDevice 1.2
>!A!ILpssUARTv1 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssUARTCommon 3.0.60
>!AOnboardSerial 1.0
>IOPlatformPluginLegacy 1.0.0
>X86PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
>IOPlatformPlugin!F 6.0.0d8
>!AHDA!C 283.15
|IOHDA!F 283.15
|IOAudio!F 300.6.1
@vecLib.kext 1.2.0
>!ABacklightExpert 1.1.0
|IONDRVSupport 585.1
|IOGraphics!F 585.1
>!ASMBus!C 1.0.18d1
>Core!S 554
|IOSCSIMultimediaCommandsDevice 436.100.4
|IOBD!S!F 1.8
|IODVD!S!F 1.8
|IOCD!S!F 1.8
>usb.cdc.ecm 5.0.0
>usb.cdc.ncm 5.0.0
>usb.cdc 5.0.0
>usb.networking 5.0.0
>usb.!UHostCompositeDevice 1.2
>!AThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 4.1.1
>!AThunderboltDPInAdapter 8.1.4
>!AThunderboltDPAdapter!F 8.1.4
>!AHPM 3.4.4
>!A!ILpssI2C!C 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssI2C 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssDmac 3.0.60
>!ABSDKextStarter 3
|IOSurface 290.7
@filesystems.hfs.encodings.kext 1
>!AThunderboltNHI 7.2.8
|IOThunderbolt!F 9.3.2
>!ABCMWLANCoreMac 1.0.0
|IOSerial!F 11
|IO80211!FV2 1200.12.2b1
|IOSkywalk!F 1
>mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
>IOImageLoader 1.0.0
>corecapture 1.0.4
>!AXsanScheme 3
>usb.!UVHCIBCE 1.2
>usb.!UVHCICommonBCE 1.0
>usb.!UVHCI 1.2
>usb.!UVHCICommon 1.0
>!AEffaceableNOR 1.0
>usb.!UHostPacketFilter 1.0
|IOUSB!F 900.4.2
|IOBufferCopy!C 1.1.0
|IOBufferCopyEngine!F 1
|IONVMe!F 2.1.0
>usb.!UXHCIPCI 1.2
>usb.!UXHCI 1.2
>!AEFINVRAM 2.1
>!AEFIRuntime 2.1
>!ASMCRTC 1.0
|IOSMBus!F 1.1
|IOHID!F 2.0.0
$!AImage4 3.0.0
|IOTimeSync!F 980.4
|IONetworking!F 3.4
>DiskImages 493.0.0
|IO!B!F 8.0.4d18
|IOReport!F 47
|IO!BPacketLogger 8.0.4d18
$quarantine 4
$sandbox 300.0
@Kext.!AMatch 1.0.0d1
|CoreAnalytics!F 1
>!ASSE 1.0
>!AKeyStore 2
>!UTDM 511.101.1
|IOUSBMass!SDriver 184.101.1
|IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 436.100.4
|IO!S!F 2.1
|IOSCSIArchitectureModel!F 436.100.4
>!AMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
@kext.CoreTrust 1
>!AFDEKeyStore 28.30
>!AEffaceable!S 1.0
>!ACredentialManager 1.0
>KernelRelayHost 1
|IOUSBHost!F 1.2
>!UHostMergeProperties 1.2
>usb.!UCommon 1.0
>!ABusPower!C 1.0
>!ASEPManager 1.0.1
>IOSlaveProcessor 1
>!AACPIPlatform 6.1
>!ASMC 3.1.9
|IOPCI!F 2.9
|IOACPI!F 1.4
>watchdog 1
@kec.pthread 1
@kec.corecrypto 11.1
@kec.Libm 1
Any ideas? Thanks.
panic(cpu 0 caller 0xffffff80106a2233): "PowerOff timed out in phase 'Notifying power plane drivers'. Total 30000 ms:
vfs_unmountall: 496 ms
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 807 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily(2.1)[58EA4506-4E6B-3AC3-A70D-ED35EE2C381D]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 1085 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily(2.1)[58EA4506-4E6B-3AC3-A70D-ED35EE2C381D]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 779 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(585.1)[CC341A35-707F-3C8B-8EFD-925F742166A1]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 467 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.IOBluetoothHIDDriver(8.0.4d18)[C7A98902-D4B2-31CF-85D9-9CD22092A615]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 403 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.IOBluetoothHIDDriver(8.0.4d18)[C7A98902-D4B2-31CF-85D9-9CD22092A615]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart message to priority client: 617 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.IOBluetoothHIDDriver(8.0.4d18)[C7A98902-D4B2-31CF-85D9-9CD22092A615]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart handler completed: 659 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily(1.2)[5190CA74-773E-3915-B4AA-8FDB4D1ED52B]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart handler completed: 1116 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.driver.AppleBCMWLANCoreMac(1.0)[C3558686-DD81-3A4C-9E3D-7A960866606A]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
PowerOff/Restart still waiting on handler: 3222 ms @ 0x<ptr>, com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily(1.2)[5190CA74-773E-3915-B4AA-8FDB4D1ED52B]@0x<ptr>->0x<ptr>
"@/System/Volumes/Data/SWE/macOS/BuildRoots/2288acc43c/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/xnu/xnu-7195.101.1/iokit/Kernel/IOPMrootDomain.cpp:5814
Backtrace (CPU 0), Frame : Return Address
0xffffffc12851bb30 : 0xffffff800fe8e02d
0xffffffc12851bb80 : 0xffffff800ffd48e3
0xffffffc12851bbc0 : 0xffffff800ffc4eda
0xffffffc12851bc10 : 0xffffff800fe32a2f
0xffffffc12851bc30 : 0xffffff800fe8d84d
0xffffffc12851bd50 : 0xffffff800fe8db43
0xffffffc12851bdc0 : 0xffffff801069d68a
0xffffffc12851be30 : 0xffffff80106a2233
0xffffffc12851be50 : 0xffffff801060f4c9
0xffffffc12851be80 : 0xffffff800fed44b5
0xffffffc12851bef0 : 0xffffff800fed5424
0xffffffc12851bfa0 : 0xffffff800fe3213e
Process name corresponding to current thread: kernel_task
Boot args: chunklist-security-epoch=0 -chunklist-no-rev2-dev
Mac OS version:
20E232
Kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 20.4.0: Fri Mar 5 01:14:14 PST 2021; root:xnu-7195.101.1~3/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel UUID: BB2FFEBA-7D53-301F-A238-9867CA51276F
KernelCache slide: 0x000000000fc00000
KernelCache base: 0xffffff800fe00000
Kernel slide: 0x000000000fc10000
Kernel text base: 0xffffff800fe10000
__HIB text base: 0xffffff800fd00000
System model name: iMac20,1 (Mac-CFF7D910A743CAAF)
System shutdown begun: YES
Hibernation exit count: 0
System uptime in nanoseconds: 294817477643
Last Sleep: absolute base_tsc base_nano
Uptime : 0x00000044a47dbb63
Sleep : 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
Wake : 0x0000000000000000 0x0000001a1d4f2ad2 0x0000000000000000
last started kext at 23388983294: >!AActuatorDriver 4440.3 (addr 0xffffff8010fd1000, size 28672)
loaded kexts:
@nke.webcontentfilter 5
>!ATopCaseHIDEventDriver 4040.11
>!AHIDALSService 1
>AGPM 122
>!APlatformEnabler 2.7.0d0
>X86PlatformShim 1.0.0
@filesystems.autofs 3.0
>!AUpstreamUserClient 3.6.8
@kext.AMDRadeonX6000 4.0.4
@fileutil 20.036.15
@kext.AMDRadeonServiceManager 4.0.4
>!AGraphicsDevicePolicy 6.2.9
@AGDCPluginDisplayMetrics 6.2.9
>pmtelemetry 1
|IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
>usb.!UUserHCI 1
|IO!BSerialManager 8.0.4d18
@Dont_Steal_Mac_OS_X 7.0.0
>!AHV 1
>!ADiskImages2 1
>!A!IKBLGraphics 16.0.2
>!A!ISlowAdaptiveClocking 4.0.0
>!AThunderboltIP 4.0.3
>!ABridgeAudio!C 140.4
>!A!ICFLGraphicsFramebuffer 16.0.2
>!AFIVRDriver 4.1.0
>!AMuxControl2 6.2.9
>BridgeAudioCommunication 140.4
>AGDCBacklightControl 6.2.9
>!AAVEBridge 6.1
>ACPI_SMC_PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
>!A!IPCHPMC 2.0.1
>!AGFXHDA 100.1.433
>!ABacklight 180.3
>!AMCCSControl 1.14
>Core!SFsck 554
|SCSITaskUserClient 436.100.4
>!UCardReader 511.101.1
>!UODD 511.101.1
>BCMWLANFirmware4378.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4377.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4364.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4355.Hashstore 1
>!AFileSystemDriver 3.0.1
@filesystems.tmpfs 1
@filesystems.hfs.kext 556.100.11
@BootCache 40
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
|!ABCM5701Ethernet 11.0.0
>!ABCMWLANBusInterfacePCIeMac 1
@filesystems.apfs 1677.100.114
@private.KextAudit 1.0
>!AACPIButtons 6.1
>!ASMBIOS 2.1
>!AACPIEC 6.1
>!AAPIC 1.7
@!ASystemPolicy 2.0.0
@nke.applicationfirewall 311
|IOKitRegistryCompatibility 1
|EndpointSecurity 1
>!AActuatorDriver 4440.3
>!AHIDKeyboard 224
>!AMultitouchDriver 4440.3
>!AInputDeviceSupport 4400.35
>!AHS!BDriver 4040.11
>IO!BHIDDriver 8.0.4d18
@kext.triggers 1.0
@kext.AMDRadeonX6200HWLibs 1.0
@kext.AMDRadeonX6000HWServices 4.0.4
|IOAVB!F 940.4
|IOEthernetAVB!C 1.1.0
@!AGPUWrangler 6.2.9
|IOSlowAdaptiveClocking!F 1.0.0
>!AThunderboltEDMSink 5.0.3
>!AThunderboltDPOutAdapter 8.1.4
|IOAccelerator!F2 442.9
@kext.AMDRadeonX6000Framebuffer 4.0.4
@kext.AMDSupport 4.0.4
@plugin.IOgPTPPlugin 980.4
>!AGraphicsControl 6.2.9
>!ASMBusPCI 1.0.14d1
|IO!BHost!CUARTTransport 8.0.4d18
|IO!BHost!CTransport 8.0.4d18
@!AGraphicsDeviceControl 6.2.9
>usb.IOUSBHostHIDDevice 1.2
>!A!ILpssUARTv1 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssUARTCommon 3.0.60
>!AOnboardSerial 1.0
>IOPlatformPluginLegacy 1.0.0
>X86PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
>IOPlatformPlugin!F 6.0.0d8
>!AHDA!C 283.15
|IOHDA!F 283.15
|IOAudio!F 300.6.1
@vecLib.kext 1.2.0
>!ABacklightExpert 1.1.0
|IONDRVSupport 585.1
|IOGraphics!F 585.1
>!ASMBus!C 1.0.18d1
>Core!S 554
|IOSCSIMultimediaCommandsDevice 436.100.4
|IOBD!S!F 1.8
|IODVD!S!F 1.8
|IOCD!S!F 1.8
>usb.cdc.ecm 5.0.0
>usb.cdc.ncm 5.0.0
>usb.cdc 5.0.0
>usb.networking 5.0.0
>usb.!UHostCompositeDevice 1.2
>!AThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 4.1.1
>!AThunderboltDPInAdapter 8.1.4
>!AThunderboltDPAdapter!F 8.1.4
>!AHPM 3.4.4
>!A!ILpssI2C!C 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssI2C 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssDmac 3.0.60
>!ABSDKextStarter 3
|IOSurface 290.7
@filesystems.hfs.encodings.kext 1
>!AThunderboltNHI 7.2.8
|IOThunderbolt!F 9.3.2
>!ABCMWLANCoreMac 1.0.0
|IOSerial!F 11
|IO80211!FV2 1200.12.2b1
|IOSkywalk!F 1
>mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
>IOImageLoader 1.0.0
>corecapture 1.0.4
>!AXsanScheme 3
>usb.!UVHCIBCE 1.2
>usb.!UVHCICommonBCE 1.0
>usb.!UVHCI 1.2
>usb.!UVHCICommon 1.0
>!AEffaceableNOR 1.0
>usb.!UHostPacketFilter 1.0
|IOUSB!F 900.4.2
|IOBufferCopy!C 1.1.0
|IOBufferCopyEngine!F 1
|IONVMe!F 2.1.0
>usb.!UXHCIPCI 1.2
>usb.!UXHCI 1.2
>!AEFINVRAM 2.1
>!AEFIRuntime 2.1
>!ASMCRTC 1.0
|IOSMBus!F 1.1
|IOHID!F 2.0.0
$!AImage4 3.0.0
|IOTimeSync!F 980.4
|IONetworking!F 3.4
>DiskImages 493.0.0
|IO!B!F 8.0.4d18
|IOReport!F 47
|IO!BPacketLogger 8.0.4d18
$quarantine 4
$sandbox 300.0
@Kext.!AMatch 1.0.0d1
|CoreAnalytics!F 1
>!ASSE 1.0
>!AKeyStore 2
>!UTDM 511.101.1
|IOUSBMass!SDriver 184.101.1
|IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 436.100.4
|IO!S!F 2.1
|IOSCSIArchitectureModel!F 436.100.4
>!AMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
@kext.CoreTrust 1
>!AFDEKeyStore 28.30
>!AEffaceable!S 1.0
>!ACredentialManager 1.0
>KernelRelayHost 1
|IOUSBHost!F 1.2
>!UHostMergeProperties 1.2
>usb.!UCommon 1.0
>!ABusPower!C 1.0
>!ASEPManager 1.0.1
>IOSlaveProcessor 1
>!AACPIPlatform 6.1
>!ASMC 3.1.9
|IOPCI!F 2.9
|IOACPI!F 1.4
>watchdog 1
@kec.pthread 1
@kec.corecrypto 11.1
@kec.Libm 1