Like I said in my earlier post, it works fine on my 2012 Air. It does not work on my 2017 MacBook Pro. This problem seems to affect only the 2016-2017 machines. Found a thread in Apple’s developer forum where other people are having the same issue.For the record, I'm able to boot Mojave on a USB3 SSD.
My recipe:
1: High Sierra system on internal SSD block-cloned to external USB SSD
2: Ran "Install macOS 10.14 Beta.app" with the USB SSD as the target
3: There's no step 3
YMMV, but this worked perfectly fine on my Mid-2012 MacBook Air.