iM 4,1-14,4 Install Windows 10 Legacy on 2009-2011 iMac - upgraded GPU

[nikey22]

Install Windows 10 Legacy on 2009-2011 iMac with upgraded GPU​

Apple has released UEFI based support for BootCamp only for 2012+ machines. While it is possible to install UEFI Windows 10 OS in pre 2012 iMacs, these installations are sometimes met with hardware level incompatibilities due mainly to the early nature of EFI implementation in these machines. Here I present a way to install Windows 10 OS in LEGACY mode with full compatibility and reliability for all vbios upgraded Nvidia and AMD video cards.

​

Compatibility list:​

• iMac mid-2011 (iMac12,2 & iMac12,1)
• iMac mid-2010 (iMac11,3 & iMac11,2)
• iMac late-2009 (iMac11,1)

IMPORTANT: It will be important to keep track of Drives and Partitions throughout this process. Please note this process involves partition rewrites to the main disk and could potentially cause corruption; Please make a backup. I take no responsibility for accidental erasure.

Requirements:​

• A 2009-2011 iMac running MacOS High Sierra and above (as my base system, I am starting with Catalina 10.5.7 - Dosdude1 patched)
• A Metal-GPU capable video card, Nvidia or AMD will work (Native or Upgraded)
• An 8GB or larger USB drive (only for the BootCamp support software you will need to download)
• An ISO file containing Windows 10. I used Windows 10 Home Edition
• An functional OEM 8X DL "SuperDrive" slot-loading DVD reader in your iMac 2011.
• 45GB+ free disk space for Windows OS.

Step 1: Disable MacOS System Integrity Protection (SIP)​

High Sierra and Catalina ship with System Integrity Protection (SIP), also known as "rootless" mode.

1. Check to see if you have it enabled: csrtuil status. If already disabled skip Step 1.
2. Restart your Mac.
3. Hold down Command ⌘-R and keep it held down until you see an Apple logo & progress bar. This boots you into Recovery mode.
4. From the Utilities menu, select Terminal.
5. At the prompt type exactly the following and then press Return: csrutil disable
6. Terminal should display a message that SIP was disabled.
7. From the top menu, select Restart.
8. For Catalina, you will need Hackintool V3.05, go to tools menu and select the 'house' icon at the bottom to 'Disable Gatekeeper' and mount the disk in read/write mode.
9. To re-enable SIP protection, repeat steps above but instead type: csrutil enable

Step 2: Download the Bootcamp Windows Support Software​

This download will contain the Windows drivers you will need to run Windows on your Mac. Allow the computer to do this for you via the Boot Camp Assistant application:

1. Open Boot Camp Assistant from Applications -> Utilities
2. Click continue at the introduction, you may see 2 or 3 options, unclick these options, we will not use them:
3. Instead, from the Action menu select Download Windows Support Software
4. Select your Macs Desktop or Downloads folder as the destination for the download
5. Press Quit once you are done. The download is 1.35GB, drag it to a USB drive to use later when we've booted into the newly installed Win10 Desktop

Step 3: Obtain a bootable Windows 10 Legacy DVD .iso​

Premable: The .iso needs to be <4.7GB in total size to fit on the DVD. The .iso images have grown over the years as they incorporate more and more updates. Furthermore, the install.wim file must be <4Gb to fit in a FAT partition for copying. In another segment I will show you how to reduce the size of the install.wim to only carry the actual version of Windows that you want and therefore adhere to the <4Gb file limitation size of FAT.

1. I used Win10_1803_English_x64.iso. The download is slow, but it will complete successfully.
2. This .iso represents the absolute latest one that can perfectly fit on a 4.7GB DVD-R disc without a hastle.
3. In MacOS, you can right click the .iso file and choose "Burn to Disc..."

Step 4: Create the Win10 MS-DOS FAT partition (in MacOS)​

1. Launch Disk Utility; On the Internal drive, under the 'View' drop down, make sure 'Show All Devices' is selected.
2. Click the Partition button, and then the "+" sign, adjust the size of the partition you want to dedicate for Windows.
3. Select MS-DOS (FAT) for the Format and name it "win10", click Apply. It will format it under the GUID scheme.
4. Now you have a Windows FAT/GUID partition.
5. Note: you may get a final partition name of "10" instead of "win10", this is a known bug of Disk Utility, ignore it, the name won't matter.

Step 5: Create the Hybrid MBR (in MacOS)​

Premable: A conventional GPT disk contains a protective MBR with a single partition, of type 0xEE (EFI GPT). This can span the entire size of the disk. Our Legacy Windows 10 will not install on a GPT formated partition. In operating systems that support GPT-based boot through BIOS services rather than EFI, the first sector may also still be used to store the first stage of the bootloader code, but modified to recognize GPT partitions. This is a little dangerous because Hybrid MBRs are not part of Intel's EFI GPT standard. In fact, beginning with Windows 8, Microsoft's OS installs on most Intel-based Macs in EFI mode, so a hybrid MBR is not required. Unfortunately if you try to install Windows 10 in EFI mode in a 2011 iMac, you will face random reboots, Cirrus Logic Audio not working (internal speakers) and possibly video problems involving igdkmd64.sys (Intel HD3000 internal GPU incompatibilities). As I've stated, these issues were sorted out with the introduction of proper efi drivers starting in 2012. So for us, Windows 10 will never have full Protected MBR status like a normal PC; it will have to exist in a hybrid MBR environment.

If this step is not completed you will get this error when installing Windows 10:

Windows cannot be installed to this disk. The selected disk is not of the GPT partition style

Let's begin:

• download gptfdisk and install it.
• Open Terminal
• sudo gpt -r -vv show disk0
• This will show you the partitions in disk0, notice how it uses a protected MBR (PMBR) at sector 0.
• From this command, we need to verify which index our FAT partition is located in. Do not use Disk Utility for this, it could be misleading.
• Look for GPT part - EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7, this is the GUID pointing to the FAT Windows partition you created in Step 4.
• Make note of the index that it is connected to. You will need that in the next steps.
• sudo gdisk /dev/disk0
  
• type r
• type h
• type 3 (or whatever index your FAT partition was created it)
• "Place EFI GPT (0xEE) partition first in MBR (good for GRUB)?" type y
• "Enter an MBR hex code (default 07):" return
• "set bootable flag? (Y/N)" type y
• "do not protect more partitions?" type n
• type o ; This will view your new assignments
• type w ; This is write or comit our changes
• proceed? type y
  

This gets us to a Hybrid MBR (see below) which Windows 10 will use to format over to NTFS, and finally install windows 10 in.

Step 6: Install Windows 10 Legacy using the DVD ROM Drive:​

1. Reboot your Mac with the bootable Windows 10 Installer DVD inserted in the SuperDrive.
2. Press and hold down the Option (⌥ alt) until you see the boot selection options.
3. You should see an option with 2 DVD icons, one is a Windows and the other is EFI Boot, choose the "Windows" one.
4. The Windows 10 installation will now start, follow the steps, selecting Custom Installation.
5. "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD....." make sure to press a key!
6. At the "Windows Setup" screen select Next, then Install now
7. Put in your product code or select "I don't have a product key"
8. Select the version of Windows you want to install, I selected "Windows 10 Home"
9. Select Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)
10. Select your partition but be careful, and ensure you select the "win10" ("W10") partition created earlier before proceeding:
    
11. You will see a warning: "⚠ Windows can't be installed on drive 0 partition 2. (Show details)". This is expected because up to this point, you only have a FAT-32 partition present.
12. Select Format, and the installer will format the partition to NTFS file system:
13. The error message is now cleared and the Next button will now be highlighted. Press it:
14. Windows will restart ~4 times during installation. Be ready to hold down the Option (⌥ alt) key after each reboot, but instead of selecting the DVD device 📀 named "Windows" select the newly created Hard Disk 🖴 named "Windows" instead to ensure the installation continues
15. This time, ignore: "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD....." since you want to continue the installation from within the hard disk now.
16. Finish installing Windows until you get to the desktop.

Step 7: Install 'Bootcamp Windows Support Software' (in Windows 10)​

These drivers are installed as part of the Bootcamp Windows Support Software and will allow Windows 10 to work with the Mac specific devices: WiFi, Graphics, External Monitors, Webcam, Bluetooth and Audio. The Bootcamp Windows Support Software should be on the Windows 10 installer USB you created earlier.

1. Insert your USB drive
2. Open WindowsSupport -> Bootcamp -> setup.exe.
3. This will install all the required drivers and the bootcamp utility for Windows.
4. Reboot the system, and get back into Windows.
5. This is a good time to go into Windows Update and allow multiple security and feature installs to bring you up to Version 21H2
6. You may wish to allow 'other device updates' in Win10, as this will ensure you are using the latest video drivers as well

Step 8: 'Regedit' patches to allow for brightness control (Upgraded Nvidia Metal video cards)​

1. run the Registry Editor, regedit
2. navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Video\{**UUID**}\0002
3. The UUID identifier may be different for your video card. Check each entry for the HardwareInformation.AdapterString that matches your hardware.
4. The entries will be clustered in groups of 4 numbers, eg: 0000, 0001, 0002, 0003, 0004.
5. Right click, Add a REG_DWORD labelled EnableBrightnessControl and set it to 1
6. Right click, Add a REG_DWORD labelled RMBrightnessControlFlagsand set it to 400 in Hex, or 1024 in Decimal.
7. Reboot, you should now have a slider for brightness control back.

Step 9: Verify "Legacy" Installation​

1. run msinfo32 via the Windows panel, you should see verification of your install:

Step 10: Re-Enable SIP protection​

see Step 1, type: csrutil enable, reboot

Issues:​

Separate SSD for Windows 10​

If you want to install Windows 10 on separate SSD, it can be done. The SSD needs to be part of the internal SATA chain and not a USB device. You will need to create an MS-DOS FAT, GUID formatting as we did with our partitioned drive; You will need to also transform the PMBR to Hybrid MBR. The rest of the procedure is similar.

Opencore (OCLP)​

Opencore does not yet allow for MBR or Hybrid-MBR bootup recognition as far as I know. If you are using OpenCore (>Catalina OS), you will need to subload the rEFInd manager from within Opencore to finally see the Windows icon and load it. I use an SD card with Opencore on it to achieve this for my computers that have higher than Catalina Os installs.

 

[B S Magnet]

I have nominated your post to be upgraded to a WikiPost.

To go ahead and do that, look for the option to convert your post under the WikiTools pull-down:

Cheers!

 

[Buddy1927]

Very well written... TY Much.

After following this post I was able to get Win 10 installed on my iMac.

After restart was getting a WDF Violation BSOD... I disabled Bootcamp from the start-up.
Everything running smoothly.

I did upgrade to Windows 11.




TY Again.

 

[Nguyen Duc Hieu]

From the procedure of post #1, I understand that if I already have an SSD with pre-installed Windows, I can just plug it to the SATA port on my iMac, and skip to step 7.

 

[farscaper]

What's the process like when I have already installed the latest version of macOS Ventura with the help of open-core legacy?

1. I have an Imac mid 2011 27 inch 12,2
2. 32GB of Ram
3. Nvidia Quadro k4000 4GB
4. i7 2600
5. Ventura installed

 

[farscaper]

What's the process like when I have already installed the latest version of macOS Ventura with the help of open-core legacy?

1. I have an Imac mid 2011 27 inch 12,2
2. 32GB of Ram
3. Nvidia Quadro k4000 4GB
4. i7 2600
5. Ventura installed

I managed to install Windows 10 following this guide - I installed Highsierra first then windows 10 then later upgraded macOS to Monterey using OCLP 0.63. I dont understand the very last post -

Opencore (OCLP)​

Opencore does not yet allow for MBR or Hybrid-MBR bootup recognition as far as I know. If you are using OpenCore (>Catalina OS), you will need to subload the rEFInd manager from within Opencore to finally see the Windows icon and load it. I use an SD card with Opencore on it to achieve this for my computers that have higher than Catalina Os installs.

I am able to boot into Windows by restarting the iMac by holding the options key and choosing Windows but a peculiar thing happens, the iMac gives me an image of the Windows logo then the screen goes black and if leave it alone for a bit ( i presume its loading in the background) the image comes back with the login screen or in another instance when the iMac shows me the windows logo followed by the twirling dots at the bottom of the windows logo the screen blacks out most of the time I can get an image back by immediately pressing the option key then the screen stays on.. and I can see the entire loading process then I am able to log in.

Any ideas on this?

 

[s1l3nce]

Quick question: is it possible to create a Windows 10 USB with the legacy BIOS option, as it is shown when using a DVD? I've been researching this topic for a while and I did not find anything that worked.

 

[david95966]

I have Windows 1803 on my 2009 Macbook, working fine. I'm tempted to upgrade windows to the latest version, 22H2, but hesitant that it could mess things up. Anyone go above 1803 on an old mac?

 

[SergioF]

Install Windows 10 Legacy on 2009-2011 iMac with upgraded GPU​

Apple has released UEFI based support for BootCamp only for 2012+ machines. While it is possible to install UEFI Windows 10 OS in pre 2012 iMacs, these installations are sometimes met with hardware level incompatibilities due mainly to the early nature of EFI implementation in these machines. Here I present a way to install Windows 10 OS in LEGACY mode with full compatibility and reliability for all vbios upgraded Nvidia and AMD video cards.

​

Compatibility list:​

• iMac mid-2011 (iMac12,2 & iMac12,1)
• iMac mid-2010 (iMac11,3 & iMac11,2)
• iMac late-2009 (iMac11,1)

Requirements:​

• A 2009-2011 iMac running MacOS High Sierra and above (as my base system, I am starting with Catalina 10.5.7 - Dosdude1 patched)
• A Metal-GPU capable video card, Nvidia or AMD will work (Native or Upgraded)
• An 8GB or larger USB drive (only for the BootCamp support software you will need to download)
• An ISO file containing Windows 10. I used Windows 10 Home Edition
• An functional OEM 8X DL "SuperDrive" slot-loading DVD reader in your iMac 2011.
• 45GB+ free disk space for Windows OS.

Step 1: Disable MacOS System Integrity Protection (SIP)​

High Sierra and Catalina ship with System Integrity Protection (SIP), also known as "rootless" mode.

1. Check to see if you have it enabled: csrtuil status. If already disabled skip Step 1.
2. Restart your Mac.
3. Hold down Command ⌘-R and keep it held down until you see an Apple logo & progress bar. This boots you into Recovery mode.
4. From the Utilities menu, select Terminal.
5. At the prompt type exactly the following and then press Return: csrutil disable
6. Terminal should display a message that SIP was disabled.
7. From the top menu, select Restart.
8. For Catalina, you will need Hackintool V3.05, go to tools menu and select the 'house' icon at the bottom to 'Disable Gatekeeper' and mount the disk in read/write mode.
9. To re-enable SIP protection, repeat steps above but instead type: csrutil enable

Step 2: Download the Bootcamp Windows Support Software​

This download will contain the Windows drivers you will need to run Windows on your Mac. Allow the computer to do this for you via the Boot Camp Assistant application:

1. Open Boot Camp Assistant from Applications -> Utilities
2. Click continue at the introduction, you may see 2 or 3 options, unclick these options, we will not use them:
3. Instead, from the Action menu select Download Windows Support Software
4. Select your Macs Desktop or Downloads folder as the destination for the download
5. Press Quit once you are done. The download is 1.35GB, drag it to a USB drive to use later when we've booted into the newly installed Win10 Desktop

Step 3: Obtain a bootable Windows 10 Legacy DVD .iso​

Premable: The .iso needs to be <4.7GB in total size to fit on the DVD. The .iso images have grown over the years as they incorporate more and more updates. Furthermore, the install.wim file must be <4Gb to fit in a FAT partition for copying. In another segment I will show you how to reduce the size of the install.wim to only carry the actual version of Windows that you want and therefore adhere to the <4Gb file limitation size of FAT.

1. I used Win10_1803_English_x64.iso. The download is slow, but it will complete successfully.
2. This .iso represents the absolute latest one that can perfectly fit on a 4.7GB DVD-R disc without a hastle.
3. In MacOS, you can right click the .iso file and choose "Burn to Disc..."

Step 4: Create the Win10 MS-DOS FAT partition (in MacOS)​

1. Launch Disk Utility; On the Internal drive, under the 'View' drop down, make sure 'Show All Devices' is selected.
2. Click the Partition button, and then the "+" sign, adjust the size of the partition you want to dedicate for Windows.
3. Select MS-DOS (FAT) for the Format and name it "win10", click Apply. It will format it under the GUID scheme.
4. Now you have a Windows FAT/GUID partition.
5. Note: you may get a final partition name of "10" instead of "win10", this is a known bug of Disk Utility, ignore it, the name won't matter.

Step 5: Create the Hybrid MBR (in MacOS)​

Premable: A conventional GPT disk contains a protective MBR with a single partition, of type 0xEE (EFI GPT). This can span the entire size of the disk. Our Legacy Windows 10 will not install on a GPT formated partition. In operating systems that support GPT-based boot through BIOS services rather than EFI, the first sector may also still be used to store the first stage of the bootloader code, but modified to recognize GPT partitions. This is a little dangerous because Hybrid MBRs are not part of Intel's EFI GPT standard. In fact, beginning with Windows 8, Microsoft's OS installs on most Intel-based Macs in EFI mode, so a hybrid MBR is not required. Unfortunately if you try to install Windows 10 in EFI mode in a 2011 iMac, you will face random reboots, Cirrus Logic Audio not working (internal speakers) and possibly video problems involving igdkmd64.sys (Intel HD3000 internal GPU incompatibilities). As I've stated, these issues were sorted out with the introduction of proper efi drivers starting in 2012. So for us, Windows 10 will never have full Protected MBR status like a normal PC; it will have to exist in a hybrid MBR environment.

If this step is not completed you will get this error when installing Windows 10:


Let's begin:

• download gptfdisk and install it.
• Open Terminal
• sudo gpt -r -vv show disk0
• This will show you the partitions in disk0, notice how it uses a protected MBR (PMBR) at sector 0.
• From this command, we need to verify which index our FAT partition is located in. Do not use Disk Utility for this, it could be misleading.
• Look for GPT part - EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7, this is the GUID pointing to the FAT Windows partition you created in Step 4.
• Make note of the index that it is connected to. You will need that in the next steps.
• sudo gdisk /dev/disk0
  
• type r
• type h
• type 3 (or whatever index your FAT partition was created it)
• "Place EFI GPT (0xEE) partition first in MBR (good for GRUB)?" type y
• "Enter an MBR hex code (default 07):" return
• "set bootable flag? (Y/N)" type y
• "do not protect more partitions?" type n
• type o ; This will view your new assignments
• type w ; This is write or comit our changes
• proceed? type y
  

This gets us to a Hybrid MBR (see below) which Windows 10 will use to format over to NTFS, and finally install windows 10 in.

Step 6: Install Windows 10 Legacy using the DVD ROM Drive:​

1. Reboot your Mac with the bootable Windows 10 Installer DVD inserted in the SuperDrive.
2. Press and hold down the Option (⌥ alt) until you see the boot selection options.
3. You should see an option with 2 DVD icons, one is a Windows and the other is EFI Boot, choose the "Windows" one.
4. The Windows 10 installation will now start, follow the steps, selecting Custom Installation.
5. "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD....." make sure to press a key!
6. At the "Windows Setup" screen select Next, then Install now
7. Put in your product code or select "I don't have a product key"
8. Select the version of Windows you want to install, I selected "Windows 10 Home"
9. Select Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)
10. Select your partition but be careful, and ensure you select the "win10" ("W10") partition created earlier before proceeding:
    
11. You will see a warning: "⚠ Windows can't be installed on drive 0 partition 2. (Show details)". This is expected because up to this point, you only have a FAT-32 partition present.
12. Select Format, and the installer will format the partition to NTFS file system:
13. The error message is now cleared and the Next button will now be highlighted. Press it:
14. Windows will restart ~4 times during installation. Be ready to hold down the Option (⌥ alt) key after each reboot, but instead of selecting the DVD device 📀 named "Windows" select the newly created Hard Disk 🖴 named "Windows" instead to ensure the installation continues
15. This time, ignore: "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD....." since you want to continue the installation from within the hard disk now.
16. Finish installing Windows until you get to the desktop.

Step 7: Install 'Bootcamp Windows Support Software' (in Windows 10)​

These drivers are installed as part of the Bootcamp Windows Support Software and will allow Windows 10 to work with the Mac specific devices: WiFi, Graphics, External Monitors, Webcam, Bluetooth and Audio. The Bootcamp Windows Support Software should be on the Windows 10 installer USB you created earlier.

1. Insert your USB drive
2. Open WindowsSupport -> Bootcamp -> setup.exe.
3. This will install all the required drivers and the bootcamp utility for Windows.
4. Reboot the system, and get back into Windows.
5. This is a good time to go into Windows Update and allow multiple security and feature installs to bring you up to Version 21H2
6. You may wish to allow 'other device updates' in Win10, as this will ensure you are using the latest video drivers as well

Step 8: 'Regedit' patches to allow for brightness control (Upgraded Nvidia Metal video cards)​

1. run the Registry Editor, regedit
2. navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Video\{**UUID**}\0002
3. The UUID identifier may be different for your video card. Check each entry for the HardwareInformation.AdapterString that matches your hardware.
4. The entries will be clustered in groups of 4 numbers, eg: 0000, 0001, 0002, 0003, 0004.
5. Right click, Add a REG_DWORD labelled EnableBrightnessControl and set it to 1
6. Right click, Add a REG_DWORD labelled RMBrightnessControlFlagsand set it to 400 in Hex, or 1024 in Decimal.
7. Reboot, you should now have a slider for brightness control back.

Step 9: Verify "Legacy" Installation​

1. run msinfo32 via the Windows panel, you should see verification of your install:

Step 10: Re-Enable SIP protection​

see Step 1, type: csrutil enable, reboot

Issues:​

Separate SSD for Windows 10​

If you want to install Windows 10 on separate SSD, it can be done. The SSD needs to be part of the internal SATA chain and not a USB device. You will need to create an MS-DOS FAT, GUID formatting as we did with our partitioned drive; You will need to also transform the PMBR to Hybrid MBR. The rest of the procedure is similar.

Opencore (OCLP)​

Opencore does not yet allow for MBR or Hybrid-MBR bootup recognition as far as I know. If you are using OpenCore (>Catalina OS), you will need to subload the rEFInd manager from within Opencore to finally see the Windows icon and load it. I use an SD card with Opencore on it to achieve this for my computers that have higher than Catalina Os installs.

Win 10 on iMac 12,1
Your instructions are great. It fixed the issue I was having with igdkmd64.sys blue screen. The crucial bit that fixed the bluescreen being caused by the Intel graphics was Step 7 Bootcamp drivers and Windows Support Software. When I was getting the bluescreens Windows was trying to use both Intel and AMD graphics, and the driver for the Intel graphics kept causing the bluescreen. After I followed your step 7 Windows stopped using the Intel graphic and now only uses the AMD graphics and no bluescreen. Great stuff many thanks.

Actually I meant to say that the crucial step in the instructions above is Step 2 and the way you download Bootcamp Windows support software. This here is what made all the difference for me.

 

[5T33Z0]

I found a new tool called Windows Install on sourceforge which lets you install Windows on a new Disk/Partition from within macOS right from the .iso without having to burn a dvd. This only takes aboout 10 minutes.

All you need to do afterwards is to boot into windows, fetch and download the correct set of bootcamp drivers for your mac model using Brigardier and install the drivers (in comatibility mode)

Works like a charm on my 27" iMac from 2010.

EDIT: Some USB Controller Hub driver was missing. Without it, BT does not work. So I installed Snappy Driver Installer (Lite) and let it search for drivers. It found the missing driver. Not only that, it found newer and better suited drivers for most of the devices. It just takes a lot of time (and disk space) to download them.

 

[Minghold]

I've given up on "installing" Windows as being for the birds. Leave it back in the 1990s where it belongs. What I do today is:

1) Use WinToUSB and WinToHDD to clone existing installations (then hunt for drivers, always the fun part).
--or--
2) Run Windows apps within Linux (I like Pop! OS, the same installation of which will boot damned near everything) via Wine/Bottles.