Try this... option key boot and select the Time Machine disk as the boot source. That will bring up a recovery screen from the TM drive. Now start Disk Utility and erase the new SSD to Mac OS Extended. After that while still in Disk Util do a repair disk on the new SSD to make sure there are no errors. Then click restore and see if you get better results.
The fact neither Internet recovery or a TM restore will work makes me concerned your new SSD may be bad, or the drive cable maybe is bad. Could your old HDD have been okay, and it was just the cable all along?