Apple’s subscription model allows to replace a device every year iirc. So the devices taken back early have to be marketed somehow (2nd hand, refurb etc.), as recycling after one year would be a very bad thing to do on multiple levels!
Also, Apple can’t simply „switch off“ a device after 4-5 years and demand recycling. That would cause a - justified! - uproar among customers and governments alike.
The trend is currently going towards a _prolonged_ device lifetime (even laws are underway to support that), so Apple needs to find better ways to keep their customers satisfied. Maybe they even get their act together to ensure long-term and consistent software quality. 😮
Sounds like Science-Fiction, I know, but a man can dream, right?! ;-)