The upcoming Files functionality being exposed in iOS 11 is not going to change the fact that the software ecosystem of iOS is still tightly controlled and limited exclusively to what is available through the iTunes app store. You're not going to be able to, for instance, run Photoshop on an iPad Pro. You can find many iOS software equivalents to desktop Mac programs (say, Affinity Photo in place of Photoshop), and many of those will be quite full-featured. At the end of the day, however, this is a situation that you can evaluate right now in advance of the release of iOS 11: you can go the iOS app store, and search for the apps that accomplish what you want to accomplish. If you can find what you need to today, then you can perhaps live within the limitations of an iPad Pro. All that Files is going to do is provide a little more freedom in terms of accessing files stored in iCloud; they won't necessarily need to have been created by a certain iOS app to be able to be opened by that iOS app (right now one has to share a file from the app that created it, to the app that you want to access it with, and sometimes developers have not foreseen that particular path, i.e. you can't do it).
[doublepost=1499373553][/doublepost]I should also say that since your use case seems to be focused on what software instructors are going to require you to run for a given class, if you think that you're going to need more than text processing (Pages, or Microsoft Word) or spreadsheets (Numbers, or Microsoft Excel) then you're better off with the laptop. For instance, if you anticipate that your instructors are going to expect you to run engineering software like CAD or schematic entry, then you're not going to find that in the iOS app store. You don't say which laptop you're considering as an alternative; you should know that "laptops" like a Chromebook are going to have many of the same limitations as an iPad when it comes to running software: generally speaking, you can't run arbitrary software on a Chromebook, you can only run what it is possible to download from Google Play store. And of course Windows is more dominant and accepted in many settings, which might mean that you wouldn't necessarily be able to run a Windows program on a Mac laptop without using a virtual machine, etc.