Because I though it would be fun I chose a GB 6.3 result from each processor (so run-to-run variation comes into play I'm not trying to get exact numbers from averages) and compare the change with clock speed. Given my results I can say that it's more than that but far more importantly, it depends strongly on the workload. For instance since the M1 (again give or take run to run variation and me rounding), IPC for GB's HTML 5 and Background Blur tests have increased roughly 40%, IPC for PDF Render and Photo Library and Object Remover and Ray Tracer have increased ~20%, IPC for Clang, HDR, Photo filter by 11-15%. IPC Text Processing, Asset Compression, Structure from motion, are about 7%, File Compression and Navigation are about 3-4%, while Horizon Detection is completely flat. Object Detection prior to SME went up by 18% between the M1 and M2 but was flat between the M2 and M3. Obviously unknown what it would've done in the M4 without SME. Now if you want you could create "an average" of those by taking the geometric mean for FP and INT tests and weighted arithmetic mean over the two but that would conceal everything that's interesting and why I don't like averages. This shows in fact Apple that is iterating quite strongly in areas they care about for the CPU's performance and they are leaving to clock speed those that they don't. The average is brought down by the latter. I would argue rather than the criticism that Apple "studies for the test" it would appear that they have their own design priorities for what's most important to improve for their users and those are different from GB's. Table attached below. Unfortunately I can't share the full spreadsheet so it could be checked for errors, but I think it's right.
View attachment 2376654
Well 8.6% if we're being pedantic ... the point in that post was about absolute performance increases if someone wanted to consider if they should upgrade not where those upgrade come from. If you want to talk about clocks, I should also point out that often times big clock speed increases like we've been getting often necessitate microarchitecture changes as otherwise IPC falls as clocks rise. If you raise clocks 38% from M1 to M4, the IPC would go down without changes to the underlying microarchitecture. Thus, part of this is that Apple has been so aggressive with clocks, particular M3 and M4 that it has eaten any IPC gains.