I had a customer with a 4 s who would charge and a similar thing would happen, I checked in the diagnostic logs and saw that the mail app was constantly crashing and I mean constantly causing it to sick the battery. This was malfunctioning in the background and hammering it. Given that it was an pale app we couldn't remove the app and install so we opted to wipe the phone and restore. This worked no problem and resolved the issue.
Take a look in the diagnostic logs on your phone and see what's listed.
Take a look in the diagnostic logs on your phone and see what's listed.