apple has a simple rule.
if a product has been sold at retail one time, if it is returned for any reason ("i didn't like the colour"), in the event that apple sells again that once-returned product, it is termed "refurbished".
within a few weeks after any launch, people who return a product (Phone 11 Pro / Max included) for some reason, and are granted a replacement are already, randomly, getting a refurbished product in return.
wording in the warranty allows this.
treat all posters with claims of getting (repeated !) replacement products not working and having to return it yet again, as suspicious.
apple's refurbished products are, in every way, just as good as 1st time sold products.
you could even make a case that since refurbished products are tested thoroughly in apple centers, rather than at the original factory in china or india, the products might have even more stable quality.
apple has been taken to court many times (in europe and china) with the equivalent of class-action suits with appellants claiming apple is giving them 2nd hand, used, product in warranty replacements.
apple never looses these lawsuits. read the warranty.