If you want to look at history for a frame of reference, Apple announced their transition to Intel in 2006, which was while Tiger (10.4.4) was still around in January of 2006. The final version of Apple’s operating system that supported PowerPC was Leopard (10.5), which came out in October 2007.
Rosetta kept shipping in Apple operating systems until 2012, allowing PowerPC apps to run on Intel Macs.
So assuming Apple followed this same plan exactly (which I wouldn’t), we’d see:
1. Apple announces transition to Arm in May 2020
2. The last version of macOS supporting Intel chips will be released 1 year after Apple has fully transitioned their lineup. I expect that they’ll stop selling Intel Macs by the end of 2023 and 2024 will see the last release that supports them.
3. Security updates for Intel Mac will continue until 2026 (though Apple may extend this depending on severity/market penetration)
4. Rosetta 2 will be removed from macOS in 2028, 5 years after Apple stopped selling an Intel machine.
So Intel Mac owners have effectively until 2026 and app developers have until 2028 if Apple follows their previous game plan exactly.
The ”good” (and it really depends on your use case whether you think this is “good”) news is that if you recently bought or are contemplating buying an Intel Mac is that Microsoft Windows will likely support your machine until the sun’s core is a cold, dead sphere. Of course, you may want to upgrade before then to an Apple Silicon based Mac before then, but that’s your call. 😉