I don't know if that app did or not. Always possible. There were many public attempts to compile a cell id database (and provide code to use it) before Google did so. Ditto for WiFi hotspots. It's just that Google and Skyhook went commercial with the ideas.
Google says their method doesn't triangulate.
Read here. I believe it.
It's usually very inaccurate to use signal strength from any distance to triangulate position. (I did extensive direction finding in the military.) That's why carriers use time-difference calculations instead.
(Jobs said "triangulate" at the first debut, but he was excited and thinking about WiFi, and using the word as civilians do. )