Lets hope that architects and structural engineers can work together to create affordable earthquake resistant materials to reduce future dangers.
What about creating crush proof safe-spaces (eg fortified cupboards) that have a battery operated emergency light with breathing mask / goggles and send out an SOS message giving GPS coordinates and and heart rates of the last person that touched the device. A two way transceiver to help communicate with buried people would also be a boon.
AJ
In a bit of irony for me, early in my engineering career I was a cost engineer, with a civil engineering degree & background who had interned at a local Boeing facility while in college/university. My first major cost control-related project was supporting an architect during a building retrofit. One day, during a walkthrough prior to a staffing meeting, I saw (busted, really) the superintendent working on the seismic upgrade - he was installing connectors with the wrong tool, at an acute angle, and without the required structural inspector observing the work. I took the architect aside, reported my observations, and cited the building code. The super was fired, and I was promoted to resident engineer the next day (I still had to manage the project's costs...). The seismic installation work was redone, and I have worked on many other jobs like that one as a client's representative. Some might be surprised at how much work is performed that doesn't meet code - it's as important, to me, as the design. Don't get me going on how many architects/engineers I've managed over the years screw things up...
Related to your note, I do follow material and installation trends. Picked up by the US tech blogs months after a new material/installation method was announced, it's not necessarily "pretty" and the tech is still in its investigative stages, this works IMHO for retrofit projects albeit for smaller projects:
http://www.komatsuseiren.co.jp/cabkoma/en/index.html - from a company that started out making fabrics and dyes for fashion purposes. The company also created "green wall" solutions - pretty cool stuff if you check out their web site.
Japanese designers and engineers are IMHO some of the best in the world when it comes to protecting individuals from injury, what happened with the Fukushima disaster notwithstanding. Look up what has transpired since the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake in 1995 (shortly after I started my civil engineering career), which seems to be the event that "woke up" the Japan Society of Civil Engineers
As to "safe spaces", many offices/homes already have a suitable "space" already - a sturdy table or desk. One is as likely or more likely to be injured by falling items than by collapse of a building. A couple of years ago, I got a laugh when a colleague emailed me this US Patent -
http://www.google.com/patents/US20160010355 - think about it, now the "pod" in the patent will need to support the desk AND the debris on top of it. I've been part of bridge and building retrofits, and I've experienced 4 types of earthquakes - the best plan IMHO is for each individual to stay aware, know the escape route(s), and know where and how to use the preventative/protective tools around you. In my own experience, like that experience I had in that building retrofit that led me to observe/design/inspect buildings, bridges, retaining walls, sound walls, and machine installations - designer forethought and installation observation are two keys to protecting people from injury. IMHO two of the "dangers" to persons in disasters like those in Japan and Ecuador are shoddy construction or nonexistent inspection for compliance and incompatible construction types in non-compatible areas as in construction of structure types relevant to earthquake zones.
FWIW, you've offered really great questions. Cheers!