And yet nobody has put forth a viable solution to that. Because there doesn't appear to be one. Even your suggestion of splitting Android from Google is unlikely to change anything. If a handset maker can either license Android or make their own OS, why on Earth would they do the latter? There would be few to no third-party apps available, which would be a non-starter for most consumers. Yeah, let me buy a smartphone where I can't even control my smart home devices. Do you think giants like MS, Samsung, and Amazon haven't already done a cost benefit analysis of entering (or re-entering) the smartphone OS market? There's too many benefits of using the existing OS and too many drawbacks of creating your own. Some markets can support many competitors and some cannot. You can have hundreds of different screwdriver manufacturers, They all do the same thing and work with the same screws.. Conversely, operating systems require many interdependencies. Once a few players are well-established, entering and taking their market share is extremely difficult. Look at the desktop market. It's been Windows and macOS with Linux as a minor player for decades.