Would a tablet be more sufficient for note taking?
Any retina MacBook Pro will do you great, and I recommend making sure you get enough RAM. I cannot recommend an iPad or a tablet in general (and yes, Android devices are terrible with updates). I have used my iPad for school once, and after a week of "This is horrible", I finally just brought my MacBook Pro to school. What a bloody relief that was.
If you want to save some money, you can go a few generations back, as long as it's still a retina model. They're all brillant. You can also get the retina MacBook as someone else suggested - a refurb will also work just fine there.
And as I recommended earlier, try a few devices in an Apple Store and see how you like typing on them and whatnot. For heavy note taking, the typing experience will be pretty crucial. If you absolutely want to go the tablet route, you'll need to go with an iPad Pro, as the SmartConnector for the keyboard is basically a must. You can also get a keyboard with older iPads, but the Pros offer the most elegant solution. As I said, I don't recommend it though. I love my iPad, but it's for YouTube, Netflix, podcasts, hell, even GarageBand and reading books - so yeah, you can be productive with it if you want to read some textbooks, but that's for when you're just sitting at home. When you're trying to follow a lecture or keep up in any other circumstance, you need to be able to do quick context switching and for that, nothing gets around the Mac. The iPad Pro can somewhat competently handle two apps side by side, so you can have your notes and your book at the same time, but more than two things is a no-no. now if you then have to Google or whatever too, you have to close out of that, open Safari, do the Googling, and then return to the two other apps once more, spending time setting up things to continue taking notes - it's not efficient. When I use my Mac at school, I regularly switch between 6-7 apps, and they're all just a swipe away from each other, with no waiting for one to close and the other to open or whatnot. And I have a keyboard to type on at all times, and all the potential for shortcuts that brings. I can't recommend a full on Mac enough.