If the platform isn't an issue, then why even mention that this happened with an M1 and never before for multiple years on Intel iMacs? We don't know what happened, but we have probable cause to assume that it has something to do with the many changes that go along with the ARM transition.
No, we don't. You're starting with an assumption that it must be related to the Arm transition, then trying to interpret everything you see as evidence for that assumption. This is not how actual software and hardware engineers debug things. (Well, it's not how good ones do it, anyways.)
The reason honkin mentioned it happened with M1 is obvious: they're reporting their experiences. That's a valid thing for them to do.
Do those experiences mean the bug is due to the Arm transition? We don't know. It's understandable and human to interpret coincidences as connections, but that's a classic logical fallacy. It's just a hint, it doesn't prove anything. Often, these early surface-level observations which seem like they should be significant turn out to be meaningless. That's the way debugging goes.
honkin also mentioned that this only happened the third time they calibrated their M1 iMac's display. Everything worked fine the first two times. So we know your half-baked, baseless idea that somehow Apple Silicon is so different that an old display calibrator can't possibly work is just wrong.
I'd say a much more plausible explanation is that between the time when the OP did their first two calibrations and now, OP installed a macOS update which triggered the problem. This could be a bug Apple introduced, or it could even be a bug Apple fixed. (Sometimes, application software either accidentally or intentionally depends on buggy OS behavior, and when the bug goes away, the app breaks.)
But that's still just a guess. I think it's a better and more informed guess, but I'm not going to pretend it's truth.
This happened to me when I got my M1 earlier this year. The M1 needs Monterey 12.3 or higher to work properly with the Spyder. [...]
This one's interesting, but I suspect it's not quite the same thing - the support article is talking about a problem specific to the 14"/16" M1 MacBook Pro internal displays. That's significant because these are Apple's first built-in miniLED LCD displays with thousands of backlight zones rather than a single global backlight. I have no doubt that this new tech presents some new and exciting challenges for post-factory calibration. I also would not be surprised if Apple shipped the hardware before ColorSync was fully ready to support third party calibrator workflows with these displays.