You get the artifacts when using usb c to DisplayPort as well?
Are you connecting directly to the ports on the mini or using a hub?
If it were HDMI only, I would say it's a handshake issue with HDMI and recommend trying a different cable or adapter/hub. I've had issues with my M1 Macs and some usb c to HDMI dongles. I've never had an issue using DisplayPort via usb c or a dongle/hub.
If you are having problems with DisplayPort as well, I'm not sure what to recommend other than trying a variety of cables, dongles, or hubs in hope that you find one that works. However, before spending money to play connection roulette, I would consider wiping the mini, doing a fresh install of MacOS and manually download and configure all software and settings to avoid bringing back a corrupted file from a restore.