In that case, rather than GPU or the drive it sounds like CPU is kaput.
You could try swapping the memory to new chips or removing the current memory one chip at a time to see if that helps, or try HD replacement but that's a longshot.
Moving forward from there would require taking it to a repair shop - one that can actually do logic board diagnosis/ repair, even though the quote might come out the same as logic board replacement. (I just don't think anyone should take a unibody MBP to a shop that can't do actual logic board repair as a matter of principle.)