The Intel 530 should work, yes, but it's rather expensive, and pretty old. And it uses the SandForce controller, which in some instances in the past has been less than optimal.
You'd be spending your money far more wisely on the newer, faster, cheaper, and better reviewed
Samsung 850 EVO.
If you have an up to date Time Machine backup, you don't need to bother with any USB flash drives and OS X installations.
With your Time Machine drive attached and the new SSD installed, simply start your MBP while holding down Option/Alt and select your Time Machine drive in the menu. From there you can do a complete restore of everything including the operating system and be up and running with your new SSD quite easily.