I have seen the prompt for maybe 2-3 minutes, then Windows starts to install (when booting from Windows - NOT EFI). At this point, I really can't say what might be going on for you. I could recommend perhaps borrowing a USB external DVD drive and create a Windows DVD. But I'm not entirely confident that it would help- but it could. I've never had any such problems. Even when I did an EFI installation, things were OK except no audio, so I had to redo it correctly.
Another approach, since you are using a completely separate drive for Windows anyway, is to use a different way to install Windows. Some people have had good luck with a tool called RUFUS for creating bootable Windows 10 installation discs. All you are trying to do is do an old fashioned legacy installation of Windows, and then afterwards, install the Boot Camp software that you already have on your USB drive- in the Boot Camp folder. For your own sanity, I'd recommend keeping the WinInstall drive as it is and use a different USB stick for trying to create a new RUFUS drive. You need access to a Windows machine to run RUFUS and create a bootable USB. You can find lots of RUFUS instructions online.
It looks to me like, for some reason, your USB drive isn't actually bootable as a legacy installation disc. And I don't know why, sorry to say.
I hate to mention this, but I've been told that trying to run a MacBook Pro 9,1 with two internal hard drives by taking out the DVD drive can lead to all kinds of issues, especially with Boot Camp, and it really isn't recommended. I just went ahead and bought an SSD that was twice as "large" and used Boot Camp assistant exactly as in the video.
That's the extent of what I know. I truly don't know anything about Sequoia and Boot Camp.