The short answer is “it depends”.
Depending on how thick the case is will affect how far away the charger is from the actual phone. Just today, I used an app that will tell you how fast and at what power a charger will charge your phone. I used the same charger both times but once with the case off and once with the case on. The result was the same as far as power but I could feel more heat on the phone itself when the case was on. I would think that short term charging wouldn’t be affected but longer duration charges could get the phone too hot and it would stop charging the battery until it can cook down.
Also, the official MagSafe charger is more picky with cases. I can’t get my Apple branded MagSafe charger to work with my Rokform case but a standard wireless charger with MagSafe compatibility works just fine. It’s weird.