The 45W Magsafe2 charger for the Macbook Air outputs 14.85V at 3.05A; so 45W of power.
USB power adapters output 5V at 2.4A max, but most are 1A or 1.2A; so 5W-12W of power.
As you can see, that is a huge difference. There's just not much power in USB chargers.
In theory, the Macbook doesn't need all 3.05A to charge - I bet it would trickle charge from a lot less. I don't know what the minimum is though. I'm sure someone online has measured how many watts the charger draws over time. However much it is drawing at the very end of charging a battery (going from 95% charge to 100% charge) is probably close to the minimum.
It is possible to make an adapter with a DC-DC step-up converter to boost 5V to 14.85V; obviously reducing the current.
Assuming the USB charger is putting out the maximum 12W and perfect efficiency (boost converters are very efficient, so this is safe to assume), you would get 14.85V at 0.8A. If 0.8A is enough, it would charge the Macbook, but probably super super slowly and only if the Macbook is off.
If you could plug in to two 12W USB chargers at simultaneously, you could get 14.85V at 1.6A. I bet it would charge decently well at 1.6A, maybe even full charge overnight, but still much slower than with a real adapter.
Such an adapter would be fairly easy to make for anyone that has taken an undergraduate circuits class. But it would require destroying a Magsafe2 charger to get that Magsafe2 connector. Also, as I said above, if the Macbook/Magsafe needs a minimum current to charge, it won't work if that minimum is higher than you can get.