Interesting, a lot of people are reporting issues with the recent Mavericks Security Update. First, lets start with the basics (I know these sound stupid, but they have fixed issues for me in the past):
SMC Reset (as suggested by simsaladimbamba):
Intel-based Macs: Resetting the System Management Controller (SMC)
NVRAM/PRAM Reset:
About NVRAM and PRAM
Permissions and Verify Disk (couldn't find the AKB article):
Launch Disk Utility (BootDrive>Applications>Utilities)
Click on your primary partition on the left (Normally "Macintosh HD")
You will automatically be entered into the "First Aid" tab
Click Repair Disk Permissions
Once done, reboot
If that doesn't work:
Launch Disk Utility
Click on your primary drive (names vary, i.e. 250.00 GB Hitachi XXXXXX)
You will be in the First Aid tab again
Click Verify Disk
If anything comes back bad, try to repair, preferably by booting from your Recovery Partition (reboot holding "R") and launching Disk Utility if needed.