My story is similar, but my pressing issue is with syncing between my year old Mini and my month old iPhone.
I upgraded from a 1st gen SE to a 14 Pro, and I didn't look closely at the album artwork until after adding some CDs to my collection. The source computer for the SE is a mid 2012 MacBook Pro, and since it has a disk drive, I've been importing on that device, then AirDropping to the Mini. If the find artwork function doesn't find the proper artwork, I add the proper artwork. I have spent significant time on my collection because my music collections have always been sorted alphabetical (last name where necessary) chronological, and not very much of that transferred over to the Mini.
It's possible that after the transfer from SE to14 Pro the artwork was okay, but I couldn't find an easy way to transfer the music from the phone to the Mini. So I transferred the laptop collection to the Mini, then deleted the music on the phone and synced it with the Mini. That's where the process breaks down for me; I've fixed all the artwork on the Mini, but after syncing, the phone has the partially jumbled artwork we are all fuming about.
My initial searches for fixes brought up complaints about this issue going back at least to 2017; how in the world is this still an issue?
Someone above seems to be using beta Ventura, with no resolution. Is this really harder than rocket science?