It could be a loose connection. Remove the keyboard and top case again and double check everything is firmly seated. See if it works before reassembling - Keep the top case connected for the power button and speakers and flip it up to the left, then press the power button and plugin a USB keyboard and mouse.
I did exactly that, minus the USB mouse / keyboard.
If you’re sure everything is connected and still no luck then at that point I would try reinstalling the HDD to see if that still works, then connect the SSD into a different Mac to see if Disk Utility recognizes it on a different system.
What brand mSATA did you buy?
Got a Samsung, but the sticker says Lenovo. Maybe it was manufactured by Samsung and intended for Lenovo?
Either way, it's smooth sailing now.