Most consumer level NASes support 2.5 and 3.5 inch drives, so work with the 2.5" SSD form factor. I use Netgear, but have tried Synology units. Both offer good value and performance.
I do not use SSDs because the cost of the 14 TB I have is prohibited and I do not need the speed for secondary/backup storage. Plus they are limited to a best case of 800 Mbit/sec on a 1000 Mbit/sec (Gigabit) ethernet connections unless you do bonding.
One would practically need to sell a kidney to science to get 14 TB of SSDs!!!
I recently sold a client two 4TB EVOs that he plans to use in RAID 0 as his main drive...his bill came to something like $3,300.

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Would something like this work for a "dock":
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0722V3572/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_bieYzbDG2E56J
... along with a couple of USB-C to DVI adapters?
If you are purchasing a touchbar model, yes. If you are purchasing a nTB model, I do not think that will work (even if the USB-C port on the dock carries DisplayPort over USB-C, you would have to use the other port for power - so, with this hub and a nTB, you could hook up either 1 display + power, or 1 display + no power, depending on the hub - as an alternative, you might be able to use one of the USB-A-->DVI adapters, but I am not sure how well that works through a USB-C dock with macOS.)
If you are getting a nTB, you might be able to purchase one USB-C-->DVI-d adapter, one of the Apple USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapters that you can use for passthrough charging and a video signal, and a HDMI to DVI-d cable. But the CalDigit TS3 Lite would IMO make more sense economically, considering how much more you get for like $75 extra, FWIW.