@Chancha re: ‘All Macs have problems mounting bus powered external SSDs once you reach the 3rd one connected.’
“I don't remember anyone reporting this during the TB3 Intel Macs era.”
During the TB3 era everything was certified by Intel, especially power consumption limits.
Bus powered enclosures were the exception, because of Intel’s scrutiny.
PCIe 3 was the fastest available, and larger capacities were extremely rare.
Both put limits on excess power consumption.
And most importantly, desktop Macs had logic board areas more than x4, which allowed power traces on the PCB to be the size that was needed to supply ample power to all sockets.
Compounding the AS miniaturised logic board problem is that, in their desktops, Apple has now fitted tiny trace flexible ribbon cables to connect all their vertical Thunderbolt 4/5 ports…
So the ‘problem’ is what it it is, because Apple does what it does,
And non-Intel TBn enclosure manufacturers do what they do… ;-(