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This isn’t helpful either.

If you’ve filled up 2TB the problem is the workflow!!! That’s an extraordinary amount of data. I would suggest that most of it represents and incredible amount of wasted space.

Given that this is not a point of flexibility for their needs then the answer is money. Spend the money on a solution that works. Start saving up though cause that workflow will require an 8TB solution if five years time.
My wife is old school. She doesn't want our photos in the cloud. She wants it on her computer.

Could I put all of her photos on the NAS? Sure. Does she want that? No.

If her data grows to 8TB in 5 years, that's not that big of a deal. 8TB Nvme drives will be available by then anyway.
 
Should I set up the Mac with her iCloud login and then copy over her Photos Library and iTunes Library first, and then point to them in the app settings? Or should I let Photos and iTunes set up a fresh library, move it to the 4TB drive, then replace her actual libraries?

I'm in the process of getting a 4-bay NAS that I hope to get her to run Time Capsule on, but she's had a bad experience with Time Machine over the network and prefers backing up via USB. Might look into an 8TB HDD for backups when the prices come down a bit.
Yeah, I’d skip the NAS for Time Machine. If you wanted to do auxiliary backup with one of the cloning apps that should be okay. But (also) yes:
Just be sure to include the external drive in your Time Machine backup.

Lastly, forget the third-party drive upgrade. I don’t want to get into a ****ing match but unless you like the idea of tinkering and possibly dealing with troubleshooting more crap, it’s not worth it. Your approach, offloading media to external drives, is fine for that setup.
 
1. Backup everything
2. Backup everything
3. Put Photos Library and other stuff like you suggest on external SSD
4. Etc

This works well. My current setup is an M4 Mac mini 512 GB SSD, 4 TB external TB 4 SSD, 4 TB external Time Machine TB 4 SSD.

My internal drive has 275 GB free after a year.
 
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If you want to void your warranty
Please do not spread false information, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act explicitly prohibits voiding warranty for opening up or even replacing internal parts, so long as YOU don't cause damage your warranty remains. The FTC has been doing major crackdowns on companies for this recently


AND APPLE THEMSELVES EVEN SHOW YOU HOW TO REPLACE YOUR DRIVE:
AND they sell the modules:
I did consider this, but I don't have another Mac capable of running the setup program.
Given Apples and Best Buys current holiday return policy id consider just getting an open box or refurbished and then returning it or borrowing a friends. Last time I did the whole external drive thing it was a nightmare for me and I ended up just doing an internal storage upgrade


Yeah, I’d skip the NAS for Time Machine. If you wanted to do auxiliary backup with one of the cloning apps that should be okay. But (also) yes:


Lastly, forget the third-party drive upgrade. I don’t want to get into a ****ing match but unless you like the idea of tinkering and possibly dealing with troubleshooting more crap, it’s not worth it. Your approach, offloading media to external drives, is fine for that setup.
Tinkering? Its a slotted drive, you replace it close your mac back up and do a fresh install. Look at all of the stuff you posted, thats not tinkering? Like 20 steps to make your external drive pretend its an internal drive and the slightest issue including an accidental disconnection can have catestrophic results in addition you will have to make constant adjustments for any and all new apps to use external but my suggestion is some how the "tinkering and troubleshooting more crap" solution.

There is nothing easier or more reliable about an external drive setup being the primary storage.
 
sure, but otoh, while $200 is still pretty expensive for 2TB of SSD, Apple's $600 markup on top of that would pay for another mac mini.
Eh not really any more most SSDs for 2 tb are in the 200 range.
 
There is nothing easier or more reliable about an external drive setup being the primary storage.
Having an external SSD for data is extremely simple, way easier than replacing the internal SSD for 99% of the population, and I say this as someone who has installed an SSD inside my 27” iMac. The boot drive can remain the internal SSD.

8TB Nvme drives will be available by then anyway.
8 TB NVMe drives have already been available for years. An external TB 4 / USB 4 enclosure plus top tier name brand 8 TB SSD with DRAM costs much less than what Apple charges to upgrade a Mac mini from 256 GB to just 2 TB.

BTW, for my own external 4 TB SSD, I only have 2.2 TB space left. My internal 512 GB drive has 284 GB used and 272 GB available (with 71 GB purgeable), meaning that with my combined data I have already used more than 2 TB. IOW, like for your wife, 2 TB is not enough.

It turns out in my scenario, I found that 1-2 TB was either too much or not enough. It was complete overkill if I moved my Photos Library to an external drive, but it was not enough if everything was on the internal drive. 256 GB would have been annoying though, since I'd have to pay more attention to moving stuff around to make it fit. 512 GB + external 4 TB seems to be the sweet spot for me.
 
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Having an external SSD for data is extremely simple, way easier than replacing the internal SSD for 99% of the population, and I say this as someone who has installed an SSD inside my 27” iMac. The boot drive can remain the internal SSD.
The mac mini takes less then 2-3 minutes to get to the SSD the iMac is like 30 steps and I stand by what I said, yes storing data externally is simple. Whats not simple is the constant headache of making sure apps arent storing it to the internal SSD and dealing with caching issues, etc. So to make it so you arent constantly juggling all of that nonsense, you then make the external SSD the boot drive which takes a lot more effort and tinkering to make it "just work"

So then you hate yourself and say "why didnt I just upgrade the internal drive". I agree with you 100% if you just want to download movies or games to an external drive just plug it in and do that but even OPs migration is going to be significantly bogged down by this.
 
The mac mini takes less then 2-3 minutes to get to the SSD the iMac is like 30 steps
Indeed, even as someone who has done the much, much harder process of installing an SSD in the 27" iMac, I still think most end users would be better off using an external drive with a M4 Mac mini than swapping the internal storage.

yes storing data externally is simple. Whats not simple is the constant headache of making sure apps arent storing it to the internal SSD and dealing with caching issues, etc. So to make it so you arent constantly juggling all of that nonsense, you then make the external SSD the boot drive which takes a lot more effort and tinkering to make it "just work"

So then you hate yourself and say "why didnt I just upgrade the internal drive". I agree with you 100% if you just want to download movies or games to an external drive just plug it in and do that but even OPs migration is going to be significantly bogged down by this.
You're spreading FUD. There is no extra management involved if you're doing stuff like moving your Photos Library to the external drive. As mentioned there is no need to move your boot drive to the external.

For example for Photos, you just point the app to the external drive and Photos does the rest. There is absolutely nothing to juggle. It Just Works™ as Photos is specifically designed to work seamlessly with external drives. Everything is done automatically, even including stuff like imports and iCloud syncing.

P.S.

It turns out in my scenario, I found that 1-2 TB was either too much or not enough. It was complete overkill if I moved my Photos Library to an external drive, but it was not enough if everything was on the internal drive. 256 GB would have been annoying though, since I'd have to pay more attention to moving stuff around to make it fit. 512 GB + external 4 TB seems to be the sweet spot for me.
I should mention that I know this because my M1 Mac mini was 1 TB. After using that a few years, when I upgraded to the M4, I downgraded my internal storage to 512 GB.
 
Please do not spread false information, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act explicitly prohibits voiding warranty for opening up or even replacing internal parts, so long as YOU don't cause damage your warranty remains. The FTC has been doing major crackdowns on companies for this recently


AND APPLE THEMSELVES EVEN SHOW YOU HOW TO REPLACE YOUR DRIVE:
AND they sell the modules:

Given Apples and Best Buys current holiday return policy id consider just getting an open box or refurbished and then returning it or borrowing a friends. Last time I did the whole external drive thing it was a nightmare for me and I ended up just doing an internal storage upgrade

Tinkering? Its a slotted drive, you replace it close your mac back up and do a fresh install. Look at all of the stuff you posted, thats not tinkering? Like 20 steps to make your external drive pretend its an internal drive and the slightest issue including an accidental disconnection can have catestrophic results in addition you will have to make constant adjustments for any and all new apps to use external but my suggestion is some how the "tinkering and troubleshooting more crap" solution.

There is nothing easier or more reliable about an external drive setup being the primary storage.
HAHA, try taking your mini to Apple for service with a 3rd party SSD. Let us know how it goes. LOL
 
I've had 5 Mac minis over the years. In the past, I've opened them up and added whatever RAM and SSD I wanted.

In the Apple Silicon era coupled with thunderbolt, storage is different.

The internal SSD now is fast, and likely much faster than what most people would attach externally.

MacOS, like it or not, is also best left to be installed on the internal storage. Oh sure I know it can be installed on an external boot drive (I've done it), but now an additional layer of complexity has been added as well as a failure point or two. Plus, if MacOS has to swap (which is will from time to time), you want the swap to be internal.

I've had 3 of the non-expandable minis, all have been ordered with the minimum internal storage, and the files/photos/movies are on external disks. But the OS and the home directories stay internal. It's the easiest and cleanest approach.

I have a 2 TB Photos library. It's absolutely fine being on external SSD. Important note: never ever put a Photos library on a NAS or other shared media. Performance will drop immensely, and corruption will almost certainly happen if it's opened by two people at the same time. Photos really requires SSD in APFS format. I also don't use iCloud Photos.

Other files can also happily exist on hard disk, which is performant enough for many situations and is quite cheap these days.

Keep it simple, keep the OS and the home directory on the internal drive. There will be a decent amount of space left if you keep your Photos library external.

But I will also add, please back up your external drive(s). While I haven't had a SSD fail yet, that day is coming, don't be complacent.
 
I have a 2 TB Photos library. It's absolutely fine being on external SSD. Important note: never ever put a Photos library on a NAS or other shared media. Performance will drop immensely, and corruption will almost certainly happen if it's opened by two people at the same time. Photos really requires SSD in APFS format. I also don't use iCloud Photos.
Agreed. Photos is very happy on an external drive, but that external drive should be a locally attached APFS drive, preferably USB 4 / TB 4 (and ideally not USB 3).

I use iCloud Photos to keep my iPhone, iPad Pro, and Mac mini synced and to have a constant up-to-date backup at all times, but I do keep all the original photos on my Mac mini too, on the external drive.

But I will also add, please back up your external drive(s). While I haven't had a SSD fail yet, that day is coming, don't be complacent.
I've had a few SSDs fail, starting over a decade ago. One was a Samsung and one was an Intel. Actually, I also recently noticed my old 2009 MacBook Pro no longer boots, and I believe that one is also from a corrupted SSD. It was working last year but this year it doesn't. I haven't bothered fixing it yet though, since it is a machine I am keeping just for nostalgic purposes, and it'd take me a few hours to get everything working again (assuming it's just the drive).

It always pays to have multiple backups. Besides my iCloud backup, I also have a local Time Machine backup drive which includes my external data SSD, and every so often I backup my most important data to other external hard drives or SSDs and keep those backups elsewhere in the house or else even off-site. I get a "free" safety deposit box with my bank account so I keep some backups of my important data like my Photos Library there.
 
HAHA, try taking your mini to Apple for service with a 3rd party SSD. Let us know how it goes. LOL
I have before without any issues. This is well established federal law Apple cannot deny a warranty claim just because you swapped out the drives. Obviously if that 3rd party drive fails thats not on Apple but they cannot outright deny a warranty claim because something in your computer is custom. That would be like saying Mercedes won't replace a broken engine because you used a 3rd party headlights, completely illegal.
 
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I have before without any issues. This is well established federal law Apple cannot deny a warranty claim just because you swapped out the drives. Obviously if that 3rd party drive fails thats not on Apple but they cannot outright deny a warranty claim because something in your computer is custom. That would be like saying Mercedes won't replace a broken engine because you used a 3rd party headlights, completely illegal.
Sure, you can argue your federal law with the Genius Bar employee that says otherwise… not worth the hassle.
 
8 TB NVMe drives have already been available for years. An external TB 4 / USB 4 enclosure plus top tier name brand 8 TB SSD with DRAM costs much less than what Apple charges to upgrade a Mac mini from 256 GB to just 2 TB.
You're right. What I really mean is that in five years or so, 8TB SSDs will be at a price point that I'd be willing to pay.

BTW, for my own external 4 TB SSD, I only have 2.2 TB space left. My internal 512 GB drive has 284 GB used and 272 GB available (with 71 GB purgeable), meaning that with my combined data I have already used more than 2 TB. IOW, like for your wife, 2 TB is not enough.

It turns out in my scenario, I found that 1-2 TB was either too much or not enough. It was complete overkill if I moved my Photos Library to an external drive, but it was not enough if everything was on the internal drive. 256 GB would have been annoying though, since I'd have to pay more attention to moving stuff around to make it fit. 512 GB + external 4 TB seems to be the sweet spot for me.
For my wife, the bulk of what she does is with Photos to manage the photos for band and yearbook. She'll also put iTunes on the external. Some light video editing too. I don't think that she'll use the internal storage for much of anything.
 
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You're right. What I really mean is that in five years or so, 8TB SSDs will be at a price point that I'd be willing to pay.


For my wife, the bulk of what she does is with Photos to manage the photos for band and yearbook. She'll also put iTunes on the external. Some light video editing too. I don't think that she'll use the internal storage for much of anything.
All I have on my internal storage are the Programs I use. I keep all my files on iCloud, use an external for Backups and then for Tv/Movies/photos and music etc. Pretty much have given up the TV/Movies as streaming as come around. But used to a fairly good library.
 
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Lastly, forget the third-party drive upgrade. I don’t want to get into a ****ing match but unless you like the idea of tinkering and possibly dealing with troubleshooting more crap, it’s not worth it. Your approach, offloading media to external drives, is fine for that setup.
Well, a third party internal drive swap isn't an option for me right now. We don't have a Mac capable of running the configurator app.

If it were my Mac, I'd be more than willing to deal with troubleshooting and tinkering. But my wife doesn't want to deal with that crap. It was hard enough convincing her to swap her original 512 drive in her MBP to a 3rd party Nvme. She doesn't want to tinker and she doesn't want to wait for me to fix something for her.
 
here is what I did in a similar situation,
mine is an iMac M1,
researched NVME enclosures, everything was pointing to Acasis, performance and cooling wise,
got the TBU405Pro, well, I ended up getting 3 of them as im sure more Macs will materialise around here and there's no way Im giving Apple 300$ for a 256gb bump, sorry Steve, forgive me :)

on Ali express they can be as cheap as AU$100, first one i bought was around $150 on Amazon, they are 40GBs enclosures which in real world top at around 2.6GBs

part two is a Lexar 2TB NM790, almost anything will do, Samsung Evo etc.

and thats that, ive setup internal 250gb drive just in case i need it to troubleshoot etc, but it is set to boot from the 2tb Lexar,
the Lexar in BlackMagic disc test is as fast as the internal drive, which doesnt say much for the internal drive tbh,
ive edited /etc/fstab on the Lexar so the internal iMac drive does not mount on boot, therefore the internal drive does not exist in daily operation.

it has been around 2-3 months and (knock wood) it's been trouble free, and very happy with the result,

in terms of real savings, we're looking at additonal AU$1200 to spec an iMac to 2TB which is a joke, the Lexar NM790 8TB costs AU$1300 in Australia,
it really is a no brainer.

good luck
 
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here is what I did in a similar situation,
mine is an iMac M1,
researched NVME enclosures, everything was pointing to Acasis, performance and cooling wise,
got the TBU405Pro, well, I ended up getting 3 of them as im sure more Macs will materialise around here and there's no way Im giving Apple 300$ for a 256gb bump, sorry Steve, forgive me :)

on Ali express they can be as cheap as AU$100, first one i bought was around $150 on Amazon, they are 40GBs enclosures which in real world top at around 2.6GBs

part two is a Lexar 2TB NM790, almost anything will do, Samsung Evo etc.

and thats that, ive setup internal 250gb drive just in case i need it to troubleshoot etc, but it is set to boot from the 2tb Lexar,
the Lexar in BlackMagic disc test is as fast as the internal drive, which doesnt say much for the internal drive tbh,
ive edited /etc/fstab on the Lexar so the internal iMac drive does not mount on boot, therefore the internal drive does not exist in daily operation.

it has been around 2-3 months and (knock wood) it's been trouble free, and very happy with the result,

in terms of real savings, we're looking at additonal AU$1200 to spec an iMac to 2TB which is a joke, the Lexar NM790 8TB costs AU$1300 in Australia,
it really is a no brainer.

good luck
Neither the Samsung 990 EVO nor the Lexar NM790 have DRAM. SSDs with DRAM are preferred especially for a boot drive, but not essential. I think both are TLC though (not QLC), so that's good.

Black Magic measures sequential read/write speeds, which probably isn't as important for boot drives. A better test might be Amorphous Disk Mark for random read/writes. However, even for sequential speeds, a key test is after extended writes which Black Magic doesn't do either (although technically you can let it just repeat itself over and over).

BTW, Lexar is no longer a Micron brand. It was bought by a Chinese company called Shenzhen Longsys. I don't know if that has affected quality or not.
 
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well, yea, you can spend the afternoon researching NVME's,
and you probably should, as the wife will no doubt notice in everyday tasks lol
 
well, yea, you can spend the afternoon researching NVME's,
and you probably should, as the wife will no doubt notice in everyday tasks lol
After a while I started noticing some slowdowns with my DRAM-less WD SN550 SSD used as a boot drive in an older machine, although I don't know how much of that was due to the lack of DRAM, and how much was due to other factors. However, it is well known that lack of DRAM can slow systems down.


Windows systems get around this with HMB support, but external SSD enclosures on Macs do not support this.
 
You're right. What I really mean is that in five years or so, 8TB SSDs will be at a price point that I'd be willing to pay.


For my wife, the bulk of what she does is with Photos to manage the photos for band and yearbook. She'll also put iTunes on the external. Some light video editing too. I don't think that she'll use the internal storage for much of anything.

Your plan should work. Will require a little more tinkering relative to a straight transfer to a Mac with a larger internal but the configuration should work fine once setup.

An exploding ~/Library will likely be the biggest challenge. You'll find apps dumping all sorts of things under there (Mail, Messages, browsers, etc) and never cleaning up after themselves. Whenever I help a family member with their computer, I am cleaning up Caches, Containers, Group Containers, Application Support, etc. Some of it is useful (e.g. if they are using local backups, probably don't want to delete all of MobileSync under Application Support) but some if it is just leftover cruft from applications no longer even being used.

The main two approaches are:
1) Partial Migration Assistant
2) Manual migration

If you typically use Migration Assistant, then may be easier to go with that approach and build your new configuration on the old laptop and then migrate over. In that case, I would move things off to the internal drive on to the new external drive until you get the home directory under 100GB (i.e. I would plan for OS/apps ~ 100GB, 100GB for home/user usage, and still have 50GB free). Once that is working try to use Migration Assistant to move her account over.

I normally do the manual approach -- moving my home folder/drive over and reinstalling any 3rd-party apps.

Either way, backup first as the other user mentioned. Then do another backup onto separate media. Then verify your backups are complete. Only then start to move things around.

I have Macs with 128GB and 256GB internal drives and never felt the need for a larger internal drive. I just keep all my data external and only allow a few 3rd-party apps in /Applications. As bloated as macOS has become, Sonoma is still only 25GB (+ at least 10GB free so at least a 35GB partition for those who use those things). If your wife isn't playing games, running giant applications that need to be under /Applications, etc, the 256GB internal is more than enough for the OS and a few applications.
 
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I think the fact yours is a desktop makes a big difference. I had a 2013 Macbook Air with a 128GB SSD, and that was a bit limiting at times because you can’t have external storage connected at all times - bar an SD card which is slow.

But on my Mac Mini I only have 256GB, and with a 2TB external drive I manage fine. The only time this has been an issue is when looking for enough space to have multiple OS partitions, but you can’t really dual boot an Apple Silicon Mac anyway!

I agree that 256GB for OS and Apps is plenty for most users, if you have somewhere to store your other data. I am looking at upgrading from my ancient 2012 Mini and am looking at 256GB of storage anyway (given rip-off Apple storage prices).
 
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