When using Mac OS X, you're limited to GPUs with two outputs. Newer GPUs that can drive more than two monitors (AMD Radeon HD 5000 and newer, NVIDIA GeForce 600/700 and newer) lack drivers for Mac OS X on PPC.
So, it's the
number of GPUs (which is basically the number of PCI/AGP/PCIe slots the Mac in question has, assuming you can physically put a GPU in each of them and don't run into heat and/or power issues)
times two.
However, there are devices like the Matrox DualHead2Go and TripleHead2Go: these allow driving two or three monitors from a single output by making multiple monitors appear and behave like a single ultrawide monitor, thereby neatly expanding the aforementioned limit. Several of these devices can be connected to the same computer.
Theoretical example (no idea if it actually works like that):
- A Late 2005 PCIe G5 can have 4 GeForce 6600 GPUs (with one dual-link DVI and one single-link DVI output each) installed. Each GPU is capable of driving 2 monitors, bringing the "official" maximum to 4 × 2 = 8 monitors.
However, if you were to connect...
- a Matrox TripleHead2Go to each dual-link DVI port, each driving 3 monitors (the limit would be 1280×1024 per monitor) and
- another Matrox TripleHead2Go to each single-link DVI port using a DVI-to-VGA adapter, each driving 3 monitors (the limit would be 1280×1024 per monitor),
you might be able to have 6 monitors per GPU, possibly bringing the unofficial maximum to... 4 × 6 =
24 monitors.
The Mac, or rather Mac OS X, would see "only" 8 ultrawide 3840×1024 monitors due to how these devices work.