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I’m an amateur photographer and I copy tens of gigabytes of photos at a time.

One thing I’ve learned: Copying a FOLDER is many, many times faster than opening the folder, selecting the files inside the folder, and copying the files to the target. This happens whether I move files to a direct-attached SSD or to my NAS. It’s obviously a bug and shouldn’t be so difficult for Apple to fix, but I’ve experienced this many times.
 
I have an update.

It was working well with the USB-C to Ethernet adapter but it was nagging me that the internal Ethernet port had slow throughput.

I compared the adapter and internal Ethernet port settings and they were identical, so I decided just to unplug the adapter and try the Mac’s port. To my surprise it was working full speed! I have no idea why it’s working now, but it is. I must stress that I have not altered any settings at all. I cannot explain it. But thanks all for your advice, I appreciated it.
 
Speculation here:
  1. Your Mac's internal network routing table was paggered
  2. Plugging in the USB-C to Ethernet adapter caused it to get recalculated due to adding a new network interface
  3. The recalculation unpaggered whatever was paggered
Or some variation thereof.
 
In the absence of any other explanation I think you are right. Probably why it didn’t make sense in the first place. Like I said in my OP, settings looked fine and were actually confirmed OK when compared to the USB-C adapter settings.

Still, it’s working fine now and has been rebooted several times.

Thanks.
 
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