I'm sorry for posting on a topic that's been dead now for 3 years, but when the sound died on my Macbook Pro earlier this week after an update and I looked for a solution online, this is one the forums that popped up. So, if this problem happens or has happened to somebody else, it's likely that they will find this thread as well and read it. It's for that reason that I'm reposting on such an old forum.
That being said, none of the suggestions posted on this page helped me at all. However, I did find a great solution elsewhere that did so I'll share it here for others who might happen by as I have.
I have a 15 Macbook Pro purchased in early 2011. It has a 2 GHz Intel Core i7 processor. The problem occurred when I updated my OSX to the most recent (as of May 19th) version of 10.9.3 and my iTunes to 11.2.1. After the restart, my sound didn't work.
I tried restarting it. It didn't work.
I tried inserting and reinserting the headphones into the jack over and over to reset the switch inside, didn't work.
I tried restarting it, holding down the option key, and using repair and verify disk options in Disk Utilities in the Recovery portion of the hard drive. It still didn't work.
This, however, is what finally did work:
1. Click on your macbook's desktop.
2. Goto the top of the screen and click "go" and the click "applications"
3. Scroll down and click "utilities" at the bottom of the screen and open it.
4. Then double click the icon that reads, "Audio MIDI Setup"
5. You'll see a list of audio devices. These are all of the audio devices that are built in or installed to you Mac.
Mine listed "Built-in Microphone", "Built-in Input", and "Built-in Output", which had 2 audio devices listed beneath it, "Soundflower (2ch)" and "Soundflower (16ch)". With my device, the little volume speaker icon was next to the "Soundflower (2ch)" option and the little square Macbook pro face was next to "Built-in Output". This indicated that "Built-in Output" was the default option, but that "Soundflower (2ch) was the currently selected option. So I left clicked "Built-in Output" to select it and then right clicked it and chose the option that read "Use this device for sound output". After that my sound immediately started working!
For more information on this process and pictures of each step, please visit
http://www.wikihow.com/Fix-the-Sound-on-a-Mac-Computer
Without that link, I would not have known how to fix my macbook's sound.