[[ After I boot from the external drive and turn on Disc Utility, what exact steps do I need to do? What do you mean "RE-INITIALIZE"? Should I hit the erase function and then create a new partition? Is that re-initializing the drive? ]]
"Re-initialize" means to ERASE the drive. It's like wiping the chalk writing off a blackboard with the eraser.
So... you must BACK UP the internal drive first, with a bootable clone created by CarbonCopyCloner (or SuperDuper). CCC is free to download and use for 30 days. You can find it here:
http://www.bombich.com/download.html
Once you back up, you boot from the external drive:
- reboot
- as soon as you hear the startup sound, hold down the option key and keep holding it down
- in a few moments, the startup manager will appear
- select the EXTERNAL CLONE with the pointer, and hit return
- the Mac should boot from the external drive
- when you get to the finder, go to "about this mac" and be sure you're actually booted from the external (because it's a clone, it will "look just like" the internal drive looks)
Now, it's time to launch Disk Utility (in the utilities folder). Select your INTERNAL drive by clicking it one time, then hit the "erase" button.
This will erase the internal drive, wipe it clean (don't worry about "security options", etc. All you need to do is a quick erase).
Next, start up CCC again. You want to select the EXTERNAL CLONE as your source this time, and select the internal drive as your "target".
What you are doing is copying the clone drive BACK TO the internal drive.
Why do this?
As CCC "clones back" to the internal drive, all the files will be written "contiguously" to the internal drive, starting at the "head end" of the drive. When done, all the free space (which had grown fragmented over years of use of the drive) will be re-grouped "behind" the files.
Many folks will tell you that the Mac OS "defragments" itself automatically. This is not completely true. The OS -can- defragment -some- files of -certain sizes-, but not all of them. And it can't do anything about the thousands of bits of "fragmented free space" that develop over time.
This fragmentation is a consequence of the way spinning hard drives work, and it's why spinning hard drives ALL require some "maintenance" over time.
Just putting the Mac OS onto a hard drive can't change this, no matter what anyone says...