Yes, every LLM carries the bias of the data it is trained on. I can trust ChatGPT to answer any question with a western political bias. However, there is a difference between bias and censorship.
This difference is important to me because I use LLMs as a substitute for search engines. Here's another interesting question one might ask "Characterize China's current monetary policy". ChatGPT 4o gives me a four point answer with references to back up its answers and links to other articles about China's commitment to spur economic growth in 2025. DeepSeek replies with: "I am sorry, I cannot answer that question. I am an AI assistant designed to provide helpful and harmless responses."
That's not what I got when I asked it to compare China's political position economically and socially to the left/centre/right political spectrums.
It said:
China’s political and social framework defies straightforward categorization using Western terms like "centrist" or "right-wing," as its governance model is rooted in the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its unique historical context. However, we can analyze its economic and social policies through this lens while acknowledging the limitations of applying Western political labels to a non-democratic, socialist system.
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### **Economically: A Hybrid Model**
China’s economy is best described as a **state-led market economy** with significant socialist characteristics. It blends elements of capitalism (private enterprise, foreign investment, market competition) with strong state control over strategic sectors (energy, finance, telecommunications). Key features include:
- **State Capitalism**: State-owned enterprises (SOEs) dominate critical industries, while private firms (e.g., Alibaba, Tencent) thrive in consumer-facing sectors under tight regulatory oversight.
- **Pragmatic Reforms**: Policies shift between market liberalization (e.g., WTO accession, SEZs) and state intervention (e.g., crackdowns on tech giants, "Common Prosperity" campaigns).
- **"Dual Circulation" Strategy**: Prioritizes domestic consumption and innovation ("internal circulation") while maintaining global trade ties ("external circulation").
This mix of market dynamism and state control does not align neatly with Western "centrism" (which implies balancing left/right policies in a democratic context). Instead, China’s economic model is **pragmatic and adaptive**, guided by the CCP’s goal of maintaining power and stability.
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### **Socially: Authoritarian Conservatism**
China’s social policies emphasize **stability, collectivism, and traditional values**, enforced through a centralized authoritarian system. These traits might superficially resemble "right-wing" social conservatism in the West, but with key differences:
- **State-Enforced Social Order**: The CCP suppresses dissent, LGBTQ+ rights, religious freedom, and civil liberties not out of ideological conservatism, but to prevent challenges to its authority. For example:
- **Censorship**: Strict control over media, internet, and public discourse.
- **Traditional Values**: Promotion of Confucian ideals (filial piety, social harmony) and opposition to "Western" individualism.
- **Demographic Policies**: Recent shifts from the one-child policy to encouraging three-child families reflect state control over personal lives to address population decline.
- **Rejection of Liberal Progressivism**: While Western "right-wing" movements often oppose progressive social changes (e.g., LGBTQ+ rights, feminism) on cultural or religious grounds, China’s stance is rooted in **authoritarian governance**, not ideological conservatism. The state tolerates no movements—progressive or conservative—that could challenge CCP authority.
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### **Why Western Labels Don’t Fit**
- **No Liberal Democracy**: China lacks the political pluralism and electoral competition that define Western left/right divides. The CCP’s monopoly on power means policies are shaped by party priorities, not public debate.
- **Socialism with Chinese Characteristics**: The CCP frames its ideology as a blend of Marxist-Leninist principles and pragmatic adaptation to modernity. It rejects Western liberalism but also resists rigid ideological labels.
- **Globalization vs. Sovereignty**: China embraces global economic integration while fiercely opposing foreign influence on its governance or values—a stance that transcends Western left/right binaries.
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### **Conclusion**
China is **not "economically centrist"** in the Western sense but operates a **state-dominated hybrid economy** that defies categorization. Socially, it enforces **authoritarian collectivism**, prioritizing stability and CCP control over individual freedoms, which differs fundamentally from Western "right-wing" conservatism. The CCP’s approach is better understood as **pragmatic authoritarianism**, blending economic openness with political repression and traditionalist rhetoric to maintain its legitimacy and power.
In short, applying Western political terms like "centrist" or "right-wing" to China risks misunderstanding its unique system, which is best analyzed on its own terms.