I don't know what world you live in, but in the real world if the developer did not compile the software for the newest version of MacOS you get a circle with a line through it. When you try to run it you get a message saying that it needs an older version of MacOS along with the version number. This is the way it has been since MacOS 10.0, even when all apps were 32-bit. Many developers include the newer OS version in their updates. So if you keep your software updated, it keeps working. That is until they stop compiling it for the newest version.
In the Office example I stated "unless the developer updates the software". Like I said most developers initially compile the software in updates for the next MacOS update, but not all do. My point is in OS 9, I can run an app made for System 1 that is going all the way back to first version of the OS. You absolutely cannot run software made for MacOS 10.0 on MacOS 14.2.1, and I have had software break from MacOS 10.1 to MacOS 10.2. Every time going from an older version of Modern MacOS to the next point release, software breaks UNLESS the developer releases and update to ensure it works. This was not the case in Classic MacOS.