I am having the same problem. I've talked to apple support many times. I did the installation clean many times but could not find any solution. I think an update should be published by apple. If any of you can find a solution or hear some news, I would be glad if you could write here guys.
Any progress? Looks like I also got bit by this bug running on High Sierra 10.13.6. I even did a full SSD erase and internet recovery download but I still cannot install/run apps from the Mac App Store.