I don't see photoshop as just a paint program. You can do quite a lot with it, and many of the adjustments and masking available there were carried over from the darkroom. You have a lot more freedom than Aperture especially as you have real masking tools (quick mask, vector paths, alpha channels). That alone just adds so much to it.
A lot of detailed effects you see involve a lot of painting and masking. If you want a lot of control, I suggest you learn to mask really really well without going much beyond 100%. I see people zoom way in beyond that, and it's stupid. It takes too long. 100%, 200% if you really must, and keep a really steady hand. Also if you want something, learn to break it down into pieces. Most complex stuff isn't applied in a single stroke. Fadeoffs, gradients, highlights, etc. can be painted in via separate passes, sometimes separate layers, although I dislike the way photoshop does some of its math.