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We do not know how Apple determines its base RAM number.
Caveat: rampant speculation follows!

The vast majority of users have a workload comprising some light web browsing, a bit of email, a bit of messaging, watching videos, and perhaps some Word and Excel. Almost no-one does more than this.

There is an amount of RAM which means users, with this very common workload, are delighted with their notebooks*.

That’s the number. For the longest time, it was eight. The minority of users for whom this isn’t enough (a) know who they are and (b) can put their hand in their pocket. For everyone else, just being able to go on the website and have the biggest decision be the colour is far more significant. If regular users want a detailed annoying buying experience - well, there’s always HP or Dell, who’ve got your awful customer journey down pat.

*Side note: after 30-something years observing users professional and casual using their technology, in both business and domestic settings, I proffer the following: most task-oriented (i.e. they’re using the device to do A Thing, and it’s The Thing They’re Doing that they’re actually interested in, not the device) users don’t care about performance unless it’s egregiously bad. Most complainers are users with an interest in the device itself. This is just my take, it’s not scientific, don’t @ me.
 
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