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Sounds like a Folder Action type thing but I'd steer clear of Folder Actions in the Documents folder as apps will add folders there also.

Simple solution is to create a template folder with the other 4 empty folders inside and "Duplicate" it when you need it.

You could create an Automator application with the template folder, also:

Get Specified Finder Items (the template folder)
Duplicate Finder Items
Rename Finder Items: Name Single Item
Name: Full Name
check "Show the action..." to bring up a dialog box to name the outer folder...you'll type in the name and click "Continue" (or control-enter) to finish
You can put the Automator application in your Finder windows toolbar by command-dragging the saved application to the toolbar.
 
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