Apple's 24" has resolution of 1920x1200, same as 17" MBP (look at Apple's site). If it's non-Apple 24", it's likely 1920x1080 so even lower res. You need +1920x1200 resolution to take advantage of extra VRAM
In the link I linked, the top one is 15" i7 with 512MB, second one is 17" with 512MB and bottom one is 15" with 256MB
Modelling, 3D simulations, physics applications will benefit from 512 MB too. BUT read Hellhammer's link and it clearly shows you that unless you're going to use 2560x1600 (i.e. 27"/ 30" display resolution), 512 MB will only give you an advantage of generally less than 10%.