You could connect an external USB HDD via USB, and then use Terminal to "manually fuse" it with the internal SSD.
The resulting super-sized fusion drive would probably perform as well as if it were configured internally, without any perceptible speed differences.
Of course, you would have to have the external drive connected at all times, or the configuration wouldn't work. I don't think that accidentally booting with the external drive disconnected would hurt anything -- just wouldn't boot.
It would become important to choose the RIGHT external enclosure or dock...